The monograph was prepared for the implementation of the scientific research work "Ethno-cultural Development of Modern Ukrainian Society in the Conditions of the Policy of Revenge of the Russian Federation". The research work is planned to be carried out during 2021-2023. During the first two years of the fundamental work, scientists have collected considerable historical and ethnological material, which allows them to analyze current Ukrainian studies problems related to Ukrainian ethno-creation, state-building, nation-building and ethno-culture creation. The authors carried out a comparative analysis of ethnocultural processes in Ukraine at the turn of the millennium. Scholars of Ukrainian studies hope that their scientific work will contribute to the understanding of the urgent problems of Ukrainian humanitarianism in general and Ukrainian studies in particular since it meets the vital spiritual and cultural demands of modern Ukraine. The work will be useful to scientists, educators and everyone who is interested in the past and present of Ukraine and will contribute to the victory of the Ukrainian civil nation over the Russian occupiers.