Waterway collision accident has potential risk to loss of life, damage to the environment, disruption of operation, injuries as well as instantaneous and point form release of harmful substance to water, air and water and long time ecological impact. Hybrid use of probabilistic, stochastic and statistic tools to analyze accident frequency and consequence for risk quantification of accident scenarios is very imperative for reliable design and exercise of technocrat stewardship of safety and safeguard of environmental. This book present generic model for risk and reliability analysis of inland water transportation system (IWTS) development. The book use the case study of Langat River in Malaysia and discuss result and validation of implementation Safety and Environmental Risk and Reliability Model (SERM) for aversion of collision accident for vessel navigating for inland waterways and deduced generic risk mitigation option required for operational, societal, limit definition and technological change decision support for development of sustainable IWTS.