The traditional activities of small producers, fishermen, artisans and other professionals are asking society for help because they depend on a healthy environment for their reproduction. As a socio-economic activity, artisanal fishing must be protected from the vulnerability caused by industrial growth in coastal and riverside areas. Therefore, in light of this study, we express our concern about the social fragility of artisanal fishermen in relation to the flow of oil in the municipalities of Tramandaí and Imbé, a specific example, but one that serves as a red alert for several regions, where the scenario undergoes several changes with economic growth, de-characterising a landscape, society and customs.