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Educational policy in a democracy goes beyond teaching literacy and numeracy. It also supports teaching moral reasoning, political tolerance, respect for diversity, and citizenship. Education policy should encourage liberty and equality of opportunity, hold educational institutions accountable, and be efficient. School Choice Tradeoffs examines the tradeoffs among these goals when government affords parents the means to select the schools their children attend. Godwin and Kemerer compare current policy that uses family residence to assign students to schools with alternative policies that…mehr
Educational policy in a democracy goes beyond teaching literacy and numeracy. It also supports teaching moral reasoning, political tolerance, respect for diversity, and citizenship. Education policy should encourage liberty and equality of opportunity, hold educational institutions accountable, and be efficient. School Choice Tradeoffs examines the tradeoffs among these goals when government affords parents the means to select the schools their children attend. Godwin and Kemerer compare current policy that uses family residence to assign students to schools with alternative policies that range from expanding public choice options to school vouchers. They identify the benefits and costs of each policy approach through a review of past empirical literature, the presentation of new empirical work, and legal and philosophic analysis. The authors offer a balanced perspective that goes beyond rhetoric and ideology to offer policymakers and the public insight into the complex tradeoffs that are inherent in the design and implementation of school choice policies. While all policies create winners and losers, the key questions concern who these individuals are and how much they gain or lose. By placing school choice within a broader context, this book will stimulate reflective thought in all readers.
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: University of Texas Press
- Seitenzahl: 340
- Erscheinungstermin: 1. Mai 2002
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 229mm x 152mm x 20mm
- Gewicht: 553g
- ISBN-13: 9780292719545
- ISBN-10: 029271954X
- Artikelnr.: 25077212
- Verlag: University of Texas Press
- Seitenzahl: 340
- Erscheinungstermin: 1. Mai 2002
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 229mm x 152mm x 20mm
- Gewicht: 553g
- ISBN-13: 9780292719545
- ISBN-10: 029271954X
- Artikelnr.: 25077212
By R. Kenneth Godwin and Frank R. Kemerer
1. Preface
2. 1. School Choice Options and Issues: An Overview
3. Why Change Current Policies?
4. Why Use School Choice to Promote Equity?
5. Types of School Choice
6. Major Issues in the Choice Debate
* Educational Outcomes
* Liberal Democratic Theory and Education Policy
* Parental Rights and Equality of Opportunity
* The Constitutionality of Vouchers and Tax Credits
* The Economics of Choice
* Accountability versus Autonomy
7. Designing a Voucher Program That Promotes Equity
8. 2. The Outcomes of School Choice Policies
9. Why Proponents Expect Choice to Increase Academic Outcomes
* The Effects of Competition
* Increased Parental Involvement and Better Matching of Students and
Schools
* Democratic Control and Bureaucratic Inefficiencies
* The Particular Problems Facing Inner-City Schools
10. Why Opponents Expect Choice to Lower Academic Outcomes
11. Empirical Hypotheses Concerning the Impacts of Choice
12. School Choice and Segregation
* How Do Parents Choose?
* Policy Implications
13. Do Private Schools Teach Public Values?
14. The Effects of Choice on Teachers and Principals
15. The Effects of Choice on Parents
16. The Effects of Choice on Academic Outcomes
17. The Effects of Competition
18. Comparing Public and Private Schools
* High School and Beyond
* Results from Other National Databases
19. Evaluations of Existing Choice Programs
* Privately Funded Voucher Experiments
20. The Effects of Choice on Children Who Remain Behind
21. Summary and Conclusions
22. 3. Political Theory and School Choice (coauthor: Richard Ruderman)
23. Liberal Democracy
24. Liberal Arguments That Education Is in the Private Sphere
25. Liberal Arguments for Including Education in the Public Sphere
* John Dewey and Progressive Liberalism
* Sharing Educational Responsibility: The Ideas of Amy Gutmann
26. Diversity or Autonomy
* Comprehensive Liberalism versus Political Liberalism
27. School Choice and Communitarian Thought
28. Discussion
29. Conclusion
30. 4. Parent Rights, School Choice, and Equality of Opportunity (coauthor:
Jennifer L. Kemerer)
31. Parent Rights in Education
* How Fundamental Are Parent Rights?
* Coupling Parent Rights with Free Exercise of Religion
* Contemporary Developments
32. Racial and Economic Segregation in Traditional Public Schools
* Racial Segregation
* Economic Segregation
* Continuing Inequalities in Public Schools
33. Racial and Economic Inequalities in Choice Schools
* Choice Schools and Ethnic Sorting
* Racial Balance Measures
34. Achieving Diversity without Unconstitutional Discrimination against Parents
* The Case for Diversity
* Proxies for Race
35. Summary
36. 5. Vouchers and Tax Benefits: Tradeoffs between Religious Freedom and
Separation of Church and State
37. A Tale of Two Judges
* Judge Higginbotham and the Milwaukee Parental Choice Program
* Judge Sadler and the Cleveland Scholarship Program
* Differing Perspectives
38. Vouchers, Tax Benefits, and the Federal Constitution
* Channeling Money to Sectarian Private Schools
* Channeling Money to Parents and Students
39. The Significance of Federalism
40. Vouchers and State Constitutions
41. Restrictive States
* Prohibition on Vouchers
* No Direct or Indirect Aid to Sectarian Private Schools
* What Is "Indirect Aid"?
* Funding for Public Schools Only
* Public Purpose Doctrine
* Judicial Precedent
42. Permissive States
* No Anti-Establishment Provision
* Supportive Legal Climate
43. Uncertain States
* Ambiguous Constitutional Terminology
* Absence of Authoritative Case Law
* Pending State Litigation
44. Implications for Voucher Program Design
45. Tax Benefits
46. Summary
47. 6. The Economics of Choice
48. Tiebout Sorting and the Median Voter Theorem
49. Funding Public Schools
* Present Funding Patterns within States
* Financing Public Choice Programs
* Summary
50. Promoting Efficiency in the Production of Education
51. The Apparent Decline in the Efficiency of Public Schools
52. Possible Reasons for the Decline in Productive Efficiency
* Changes in Student Population
* Teachers' Unions
* The Cost of Educating Students with Disabilities
53. Privatization and Vouchers
* Arguments That Vouchers Will Increase the Cost of Education
* Arguments That Vouchers Will Decrease Educational Costs by Increasing
Efficiency
54. Regulation versus Incentives
* Regulating Class Size Reductions (CSR)
55. Summary
56. Equity Considerations and Voucher Policies
57. The Impact of Vouchers on Public Schools
58. Conclusions
59. 7. School Choice Regulation: Accountability versus Autonomy
60. Are Markets Preferable to Democratic Control?
* Classical Economic Theory
* New Institutional Economics
61. Legal Constraints on Institutional Autonomy
62. State Constitutions, State Regulation, and State Action
* Unconstitutional Delegation Law
* State Action
63. State Statutes, Administrative Regulations, Charters, and Contracts
64. School Choice Accountability: Michigan's Public School Academies
65. Lessons from Privatization of Prisons, Public Housing, and Special
Education
* Privatization of Prisons
* Privatization of Public Housing
* Contracting-Out Special Education to Private Schools
66. Vouchers and Private School Regulation
67. Implications for Policymaking
68. 8. The Politics of Choice and a Proposed School Choice Policy
69. Political Forces That Oppose Expanding School Choice
* Producers of Public Education and Their Organizations
* Liberal and Minority Interest Groups
70. Political Forces Supporting Increased School Choice
71. Attributes of an Equitable and Efficient Policy Proposal
72. A Proposal to Expand School Choice
* Accountability Provisions
* Additional Measures to Assist Low-Income Students and New Scholarship
Schools
73. Discussion of the Tradeoffs We Made
* Vouchers for All Income Levels and a Quota for Low-Income Students
* Allowing Schools to Charge Families Additional Tuition and Fees
* Transportation
* Student Admission
* Home Schooling
* Additional Benefits and Costs of the Proposed Policy
* The Political Feasibility of the Proposed Policy
* Charter Schools and Alternative Choice Proposals
74. Concluding Remarks
75. Notes
76. Selected References
77. Index
2. 1. School Choice Options and Issues: An Overview
3. Why Change Current Policies?
4. Why Use School Choice to Promote Equity?
5. Types of School Choice
6. Major Issues in the Choice Debate
* Educational Outcomes
* Liberal Democratic Theory and Education Policy
* Parental Rights and Equality of Opportunity
* The Constitutionality of Vouchers and Tax Credits
* The Economics of Choice
* Accountability versus Autonomy
7. Designing a Voucher Program That Promotes Equity
8. 2. The Outcomes of School Choice Policies
9. Why Proponents Expect Choice to Increase Academic Outcomes
* The Effects of Competition
* Increased Parental Involvement and Better Matching of Students and
Schools
* Democratic Control and Bureaucratic Inefficiencies
* The Particular Problems Facing Inner-City Schools
10. Why Opponents Expect Choice to Lower Academic Outcomes
11. Empirical Hypotheses Concerning the Impacts of Choice
12. School Choice and Segregation
* How Do Parents Choose?
* Policy Implications
13. Do Private Schools Teach Public Values?
14. The Effects of Choice on Teachers and Principals
15. The Effects of Choice on Parents
16. The Effects of Choice on Academic Outcomes
17. The Effects of Competition
18. Comparing Public and Private Schools
* High School and Beyond
* Results from Other National Databases
19. Evaluations of Existing Choice Programs
* Privately Funded Voucher Experiments
20. The Effects of Choice on Children Who Remain Behind
21. Summary and Conclusions
22. 3. Political Theory and School Choice (coauthor: Richard Ruderman)
23. Liberal Democracy
24. Liberal Arguments That Education Is in the Private Sphere
25. Liberal Arguments for Including Education in the Public Sphere
* John Dewey and Progressive Liberalism
* Sharing Educational Responsibility: The Ideas of Amy Gutmann
26. Diversity or Autonomy
* Comprehensive Liberalism versus Political Liberalism
27. School Choice and Communitarian Thought
28. Discussion
29. Conclusion
30. 4. Parent Rights, School Choice, and Equality of Opportunity (coauthor:
Jennifer L. Kemerer)
31. Parent Rights in Education
* How Fundamental Are Parent Rights?
* Coupling Parent Rights with Free Exercise of Religion
* Contemporary Developments
32. Racial and Economic Segregation in Traditional Public Schools
* Racial Segregation
* Economic Segregation
* Continuing Inequalities in Public Schools
33. Racial and Economic Inequalities in Choice Schools
* Choice Schools and Ethnic Sorting
* Racial Balance Measures
34. Achieving Diversity without Unconstitutional Discrimination against Parents
* The Case for Diversity
* Proxies for Race
35. Summary
36. 5. Vouchers and Tax Benefits: Tradeoffs between Religious Freedom and
Separation of Church and State
37. A Tale of Two Judges
* Judge Higginbotham and the Milwaukee Parental Choice Program
* Judge Sadler and the Cleveland Scholarship Program
* Differing Perspectives
38. Vouchers, Tax Benefits, and the Federal Constitution
* Channeling Money to Sectarian Private Schools
* Channeling Money to Parents and Students
39. The Significance of Federalism
40. Vouchers and State Constitutions
41. Restrictive States
* Prohibition on Vouchers
* No Direct or Indirect Aid to Sectarian Private Schools
* What Is "Indirect Aid"?
* Funding for Public Schools Only
* Public Purpose Doctrine
* Judicial Precedent
42. Permissive States
* No Anti-Establishment Provision
* Supportive Legal Climate
43. Uncertain States
* Ambiguous Constitutional Terminology
* Absence of Authoritative Case Law
* Pending State Litigation
44. Implications for Voucher Program Design
45. Tax Benefits
46. Summary
47. 6. The Economics of Choice
48. Tiebout Sorting and the Median Voter Theorem
49. Funding Public Schools
* Present Funding Patterns within States
* Financing Public Choice Programs
* Summary
50. Promoting Efficiency in the Production of Education
51. The Apparent Decline in the Efficiency of Public Schools
52. Possible Reasons for the Decline in Productive Efficiency
* Changes in Student Population
* Teachers' Unions
* The Cost of Educating Students with Disabilities
53. Privatization and Vouchers
* Arguments That Vouchers Will Increase the Cost of Education
* Arguments That Vouchers Will Decrease Educational Costs by Increasing
Efficiency
54. Regulation versus Incentives
* Regulating Class Size Reductions (CSR)
55. Summary
56. Equity Considerations and Voucher Policies
57. The Impact of Vouchers on Public Schools
58. Conclusions
59. 7. School Choice Regulation: Accountability versus Autonomy
60. Are Markets Preferable to Democratic Control?
* Classical Economic Theory
* New Institutional Economics
61. Legal Constraints on Institutional Autonomy
62. State Constitutions, State Regulation, and State Action
* Unconstitutional Delegation Law
* State Action
63. State Statutes, Administrative Regulations, Charters, and Contracts
64. School Choice Accountability: Michigan's Public School Academies
65. Lessons from Privatization of Prisons, Public Housing, and Special
Education
* Privatization of Prisons
* Privatization of Public Housing
* Contracting-Out Special Education to Private Schools
66. Vouchers and Private School Regulation
67. Implications for Policymaking
68. 8. The Politics of Choice and a Proposed School Choice Policy
69. Political Forces That Oppose Expanding School Choice
* Producers of Public Education and Their Organizations
* Liberal and Minority Interest Groups
70. Political Forces Supporting Increased School Choice
71. Attributes of an Equitable and Efficient Policy Proposal
72. A Proposal to Expand School Choice
* Accountability Provisions
* Additional Measures to Assist Low-Income Students and New Scholarship
Schools
73. Discussion of the Tradeoffs We Made
* Vouchers for All Income Levels and a Quota for Low-Income Students
* Allowing Schools to Charge Families Additional Tuition and Fees
* Transportation
* Student Admission
* Home Schooling
* Additional Benefits and Costs of the Proposed Policy
* The Political Feasibility of the Proposed Policy
* Charter Schools and Alternative Choice Proposals
74. Concluding Remarks
75. Notes
76. Selected References
77. Index
1. Preface
2. 1. School Choice Options and Issues: An Overview
3. Why Change Current Policies?
4. Why Use School Choice to Promote Equity?
5. Types of School Choice
6. Major Issues in the Choice Debate
* Educational Outcomes
* Liberal Democratic Theory and Education Policy
* Parental Rights and Equality of Opportunity
* The Constitutionality of Vouchers and Tax Credits
* The Economics of Choice
* Accountability versus Autonomy
7. Designing a Voucher Program That Promotes Equity
8. 2. The Outcomes of School Choice Policies
9. Why Proponents Expect Choice to Increase Academic Outcomes
* The Effects of Competition
* Increased Parental Involvement and Better Matching of Students and
Schools
* Democratic Control and Bureaucratic Inefficiencies
* The Particular Problems Facing Inner-City Schools
10. Why Opponents Expect Choice to Lower Academic Outcomes
11. Empirical Hypotheses Concerning the Impacts of Choice
12. School Choice and Segregation
* How Do Parents Choose?
* Policy Implications
13. Do Private Schools Teach Public Values?
14. The Effects of Choice on Teachers and Principals
15. The Effects of Choice on Parents
16. The Effects of Choice on Academic Outcomes
17. The Effects of Competition
18. Comparing Public and Private Schools
* High School and Beyond
* Results from Other National Databases
19. Evaluations of Existing Choice Programs
* Privately Funded Voucher Experiments
20. The Effects of Choice on Children Who Remain Behind
21. Summary and Conclusions
22. 3. Political Theory and School Choice (coauthor: Richard Ruderman)
23. Liberal Democracy
24. Liberal Arguments That Education Is in the Private Sphere
25. Liberal Arguments for Including Education in the Public Sphere
* John Dewey and Progressive Liberalism
* Sharing Educational Responsibility: The Ideas of Amy Gutmann
26. Diversity or Autonomy
* Comprehensive Liberalism versus Political Liberalism
27. School Choice and Communitarian Thought
28. Discussion
29. Conclusion
30. 4. Parent Rights, School Choice, and Equality of Opportunity (coauthor:
Jennifer L. Kemerer)
31. Parent Rights in Education
* How Fundamental Are Parent Rights?
* Coupling Parent Rights with Free Exercise of Religion
* Contemporary Developments
32. Racial and Economic Segregation in Traditional Public Schools
* Racial Segregation
* Economic Segregation
* Continuing Inequalities in Public Schools
33. Racial and Economic Inequalities in Choice Schools
* Choice Schools and Ethnic Sorting
* Racial Balance Measures
34. Achieving Diversity without Unconstitutional Discrimination against Parents
* The Case for Diversity
* Proxies for Race
35. Summary
36. 5. Vouchers and Tax Benefits: Tradeoffs between Religious Freedom and
Separation of Church and State
37. A Tale of Two Judges
* Judge Higginbotham and the Milwaukee Parental Choice Program
* Judge Sadler and the Cleveland Scholarship Program
* Differing Perspectives
38. Vouchers, Tax Benefits, and the Federal Constitution
* Channeling Money to Sectarian Private Schools
* Channeling Money to Parents and Students
39. The Significance of Federalism
40. Vouchers and State Constitutions
41. Restrictive States
* Prohibition on Vouchers
* No Direct or Indirect Aid to Sectarian Private Schools
* What Is "Indirect Aid"?
* Funding for Public Schools Only
* Public Purpose Doctrine
* Judicial Precedent
42. Permissive States
* No Anti-Establishment Provision
* Supportive Legal Climate
43. Uncertain States
* Ambiguous Constitutional Terminology
* Absence of Authoritative Case Law
* Pending State Litigation
44. Implications for Voucher Program Design
45. Tax Benefits
46. Summary
47. 6. The Economics of Choice
48. Tiebout Sorting and the Median Voter Theorem
49. Funding Public Schools
* Present Funding Patterns within States
* Financing Public Choice Programs
* Summary
50. Promoting Efficiency in the Production of Education
51. The Apparent Decline in the Efficiency of Public Schools
52. Possible Reasons for the Decline in Productive Efficiency
* Changes in Student Population
* Teachers' Unions
* The Cost of Educating Students with Disabilities
53. Privatization and Vouchers
* Arguments That Vouchers Will Increase the Cost of Education
* Arguments That Vouchers Will Decrease Educational Costs by Increasing
Efficiency
54. Regulation versus Incentives
* Regulating Class Size Reductions (CSR)
55. Summary
56. Equity Considerations and Voucher Policies
57. The Impact of Vouchers on Public Schools
58. Conclusions
59. 7. School Choice Regulation: Accountability versus Autonomy
60. Are Markets Preferable to Democratic Control?
* Classical Economic Theory
* New Institutional Economics
61. Legal Constraints on Institutional Autonomy
62. State Constitutions, State Regulation, and State Action
* Unconstitutional Delegation Law
* State Action
63. State Statutes, Administrative Regulations, Charters, and Contracts
64. School Choice Accountability: Michigan's Public School Academies
65. Lessons from Privatization of Prisons, Public Housing, and Special
Education
* Privatization of Prisons
* Privatization of Public Housing
* Contracting-Out Special Education to Private Schools
66. Vouchers and Private School Regulation
67. Implications for Policymaking
68. 8. The Politics of Choice and a Proposed School Choice Policy
69. Political Forces That Oppose Expanding School Choice
* Producers of Public Education and Their Organizations
* Liberal and Minority Interest Groups
70. Political Forces Supporting Increased School Choice
71. Attributes of an Equitable and Efficient Policy Proposal
72. A Proposal to Expand School Choice
* Accountability Provisions
* Additional Measures to Assist Low-Income Students and New Scholarship
Schools
73. Discussion of the Tradeoffs We Made
* Vouchers for All Income Levels and a Quota for Low-Income Students
* Allowing Schools to Charge Families Additional Tuition and Fees
* Transportation
* Student Admission
* Home Schooling
* Additional Benefits and Costs of the Proposed Policy
* The Political Feasibility of the Proposed Policy
* Charter Schools and Alternative Choice Proposals
74. Concluding Remarks
75. Notes
76. Selected References
77. Index
2. 1. School Choice Options and Issues: An Overview
3. Why Change Current Policies?
4. Why Use School Choice to Promote Equity?
5. Types of School Choice
6. Major Issues in the Choice Debate
* Educational Outcomes
* Liberal Democratic Theory and Education Policy
* Parental Rights and Equality of Opportunity
* The Constitutionality of Vouchers and Tax Credits
* The Economics of Choice
* Accountability versus Autonomy
7. Designing a Voucher Program That Promotes Equity
8. 2. The Outcomes of School Choice Policies
9. Why Proponents Expect Choice to Increase Academic Outcomes
* The Effects of Competition
* Increased Parental Involvement and Better Matching of Students and
Schools
* Democratic Control and Bureaucratic Inefficiencies
* The Particular Problems Facing Inner-City Schools
10. Why Opponents Expect Choice to Lower Academic Outcomes
11. Empirical Hypotheses Concerning the Impacts of Choice
12. School Choice and Segregation
* How Do Parents Choose?
* Policy Implications
13. Do Private Schools Teach Public Values?
14. The Effects of Choice on Teachers and Principals
15. The Effects of Choice on Parents
16. The Effects of Choice on Academic Outcomes
17. The Effects of Competition
18. Comparing Public and Private Schools
* High School and Beyond
* Results from Other National Databases
19. Evaluations of Existing Choice Programs
* Privately Funded Voucher Experiments
20. The Effects of Choice on Children Who Remain Behind
21. Summary and Conclusions
22. 3. Political Theory and School Choice (coauthor: Richard Ruderman)
23. Liberal Democracy
24. Liberal Arguments That Education Is in the Private Sphere
25. Liberal Arguments for Including Education in the Public Sphere
* John Dewey and Progressive Liberalism
* Sharing Educational Responsibility: The Ideas of Amy Gutmann
26. Diversity or Autonomy
* Comprehensive Liberalism versus Political Liberalism
27. School Choice and Communitarian Thought
28. Discussion
29. Conclusion
30. 4. Parent Rights, School Choice, and Equality of Opportunity (coauthor:
Jennifer L. Kemerer)
31. Parent Rights in Education
* How Fundamental Are Parent Rights?
* Coupling Parent Rights with Free Exercise of Religion
* Contemporary Developments
32. Racial and Economic Segregation in Traditional Public Schools
* Racial Segregation
* Economic Segregation
* Continuing Inequalities in Public Schools
33. Racial and Economic Inequalities in Choice Schools
* Choice Schools and Ethnic Sorting
* Racial Balance Measures
34. Achieving Diversity without Unconstitutional Discrimination against Parents
* The Case for Diversity
* Proxies for Race
35. Summary
36. 5. Vouchers and Tax Benefits: Tradeoffs between Religious Freedom and
Separation of Church and State
37. A Tale of Two Judges
* Judge Higginbotham and the Milwaukee Parental Choice Program
* Judge Sadler and the Cleveland Scholarship Program
* Differing Perspectives
38. Vouchers, Tax Benefits, and the Federal Constitution
* Channeling Money to Sectarian Private Schools
* Channeling Money to Parents and Students
39. The Significance of Federalism
40. Vouchers and State Constitutions
41. Restrictive States
* Prohibition on Vouchers
* No Direct or Indirect Aid to Sectarian Private Schools
* What Is "Indirect Aid"?
* Funding for Public Schools Only
* Public Purpose Doctrine
* Judicial Precedent
42. Permissive States
* No Anti-Establishment Provision
* Supportive Legal Climate
43. Uncertain States
* Ambiguous Constitutional Terminology
* Absence of Authoritative Case Law
* Pending State Litigation
44. Implications for Voucher Program Design
45. Tax Benefits
46. Summary
47. 6. The Economics of Choice
48. Tiebout Sorting and the Median Voter Theorem
49. Funding Public Schools
* Present Funding Patterns within States
* Financing Public Choice Programs
* Summary
50. Promoting Efficiency in the Production of Education
51. The Apparent Decline in the Efficiency of Public Schools
52. Possible Reasons for the Decline in Productive Efficiency
* Changes in Student Population
* Teachers' Unions
* The Cost of Educating Students with Disabilities
53. Privatization and Vouchers
* Arguments That Vouchers Will Increase the Cost of Education
* Arguments That Vouchers Will Decrease Educational Costs by Increasing
Efficiency
54. Regulation versus Incentives
* Regulating Class Size Reductions (CSR)
55. Summary
56. Equity Considerations and Voucher Policies
57. The Impact of Vouchers on Public Schools
58. Conclusions
59. 7. School Choice Regulation: Accountability versus Autonomy
60. Are Markets Preferable to Democratic Control?
* Classical Economic Theory
* New Institutional Economics
61. Legal Constraints on Institutional Autonomy
62. State Constitutions, State Regulation, and State Action
* Unconstitutional Delegation Law
* State Action
63. State Statutes, Administrative Regulations, Charters, and Contracts
64. School Choice Accountability: Michigan's Public School Academies
65. Lessons from Privatization of Prisons, Public Housing, and Special
Education
* Privatization of Prisons
* Privatization of Public Housing
* Contracting-Out Special Education to Private Schools
66. Vouchers and Private School Regulation
67. Implications for Policymaking
68. 8. The Politics of Choice and a Proposed School Choice Policy
69. Political Forces That Oppose Expanding School Choice
* Producers of Public Education and Their Organizations
* Liberal and Minority Interest Groups
70. Political Forces Supporting Increased School Choice
71. Attributes of an Equitable and Efficient Policy Proposal
72. A Proposal to Expand School Choice
* Accountability Provisions
* Additional Measures to Assist Low-Income Students and New Scholarship
Schools
73. Discussion of the Tradeoffs We Made
* Vouchers for All Income Levels and a Quota for Low-Income Students
* Allowing Schools to Charge Families Additional Tuition and Fees
* Transportation
* Student Admission
* Home Schooling
* Additional Benefits and Costs of the Proposed Policy
* The Political Feasibility of the Proposed Policy
* Charter Schools and Alternative Choice Proposals
74. Concluding Remarks
75. Notes
76. Selected References
77. Index