The history of science is a story of human discovery--intertwined with religion, philosophy, economics and technology. The fourth in a series, this book covers the beginnings of the modern world, when 16th-century Europeans began to realize that their scientific achievements surpassed those of the Greeks and Romans. Western Civilization organized itself around the idea that human technological and moral progress was achievable and desirable. Science emerged in 17th-century Europe as scholars subordinated reason to empiricism. Inspired by the example of physics, men like Robert Boyle began the…mehr
The history of science is a story of human discovery--intertwined with religion, philosophy, economics and technology. The fourth in a series, this book covers the beginnings of the modern world, when 16th-century Europeans began to realize that their scientific achievements surpassed those of the Greeks and Romans. Western Civilization organized itself around the idea that human technological and moral progress was achievable and desirable. Science emerged in 17th-century Europe as scholars subordinated reason to empiricism. Inspired by the example of physics, men like Robert Boyle began the process of changing alchemy into the exact science of chemistry. During the 18th century, European society became more secular and tolerant. Philosophers and economists developed many of the ideas underpinning modern social theories and economic policies. As the Industrial Revolution fundamentally transformed the world by increasing productivity, people became more affluent, better educated and urbanized, and the world entered an era of unprecedented prosperity and progress.
David Deming is a professor of Arts & Sciences at the University of Oklahoma. A geophysicist, research scientist and historian, he has written on topics ranging from the history of science to climate change and energy resources.
Inhaltsangabe
Table of Contents Preface 1. From Alchemy to Chemistry Prehistorical Chemical Technology Chemistry of the Greeks and Romans Nature of Alchemy Alexandrian Alchemists Alchemy and Chemical Technology in China Islamic and Arabic Alchemists Alchemy in Europe Decline of Alchemy Jan Baptist Van Helmont Robert Boyle Antoine Lavoisier 2. The Principle of Progress Progress as Eidos Greek and Roman Conceptions of History Doctrine of Divine Providence Doctrine of Decay Anticipations of Progress in the 16th and 17th Centuries 3. The Enlightenment Age of Reason John Locke Pierre Bayle Voltaire Montesquieu Apostles of Progress David Hume Jeremy Bentham and Utilitarianism Social and Economic Theories The Encyclopédie The Noble Savage 4. The Industrial Revolution A Fundamental Transformation Conditions in Europe Prior to the Industrial Revolution The Agricultural Revolution Improvements in Transportation Why England? Synergy, Science, and the Steam Engine Child Labor Post-Mortem Conclusion Chapter Notes Bibliography Index
Table of Contents Preface 1. From Alchemy to Chemistry Prehistorical Chemical Technology Chemistry of the Greeks and Romans Nature of Alchemy Alexandrian Alchemists Alchemy and Chemical Technology in China Islamic and Arabic Alchemists Alchemy in Europe Decline of Alchemy Jan Baptist Van Helmont Robert Boyle Antoine Lavoisier 2. The Principle of Progress Progress as Eidos Greek and Roman Conceptions of History Doctrine of Divine Providence Doctrine of Decay Anticipations of Progress in the 16th and 17th Centuries 3. The Enlightenment Age of Reason John Locke Pierre Bayle Voltaire Montesquieu Apostles of Progress David Hume Jeremy Bentham and Utilitarianism Social and Economic Theories The Encyclopédie The Noble Savage 4. The Industrial Revolution A Fundamental Transformation Conditions in Europe Prior to the Industrial Revolution The Agricultural Revolution Improvements in Transportation Why England? Synergy, Science, and the Steam Engine Child Labor Post-Mortem Conclusion Chapter Notes Bibliography Index
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