"Experimental studies on the photoionization of atomic systems have been further developed by the launch of satellites observing astrophysical plasmas (Chandra and XMM Newton, for example). However, one of the challenges inherent to these studies is the very low density of target ions and thus low count rates. In order to compensate for this, excessively long acquisition times are required which are often incompatible with the experiment times possible in synchrotron radiation centers. It has therefore become necessary, before the experiments, to attain the most precise estimation possible of…mehr
"Experimental studies on the photoionization of atomic systems have been further developed by the launch of satellites observing astrophysical plasmas (Chandra and XMM Newton, for example). However, one of the challenges inherent to these studies is the very low density of target ions and thus low count rates. In order to compensate for this, excessively long acquisition times are required which are often incompatible with the experiment times possible in synchrotron radiation centers. It has therefore become necessary, before the experiments, to attain the most precise estimation possible of photon energies in order to research photoexcitation responses. This is where the Screening Constant by Unit Nuclear Charge method shows its strength. Thanks to an extremely simple formalism, it quickly and precisely provides the position of excitation resonances as well as their width. This book offers a clear explanation of the Screening Constant by Unit Nuclear Charge method and explores its application to numerous domains of physics related to atomic spectroscopy. Various exercises are proposed in the book for the calculations of resonance energies and widths of Rydberg series for he-like systems, Li-like systems, Be-like systems, B-like systems and for more complex atomic systems such as sulfur, argon, selenium and Kr"--Page 4 of coverHinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Ibrahima Sakho, Assane Seck University of Ziguinchor, Senegal.
Inhaltsangabe
Foreword xi Preface xv Introduction xix Part 1 1 Chapter 1. Different Photoionization Processes, Rydberg Series 3 1.1. Photoionization processes 3 1.2. Rydberg Series 10 Chapter 2. Experimental and Theoretical Methods of Photoionization 21 2.1. Experimental methods 21 2.2. Theoretical methods 22 2.3. Absolute photoionization cross-section 24 2.4. Analysis of resonance energies and quantum defect 28 Chapter 3. General Formalism of the Screening Constant by Unit Nuclear Charge Method Applied to Photoionization 33 3.1. Genesis of the screening constant by unit nuclear charge method 33 3.2. Expression of the total energy of three-electron atomic systems 43 3.3. General expressions of the resonance energies and widths of Rydberg series of multi-electron atomic systems 48 Part 2. Applications in the Calculations of Energies and Natural Widths of the Resonance States of Multi-Electron Atomic Systems 55 Introduction to Part 2 57 Chapter 4. Application to the Calculation of Energies of Two-electron Atomic Systems (Helium-like Systems) 59 4.1. Energy of the ground state of helium-like systems 59 4.2. Energy of the excited states, 1sns 1,3Se, of helium-like systems 61 4.3. Energy of the doubly excited symmetric states, ns2 and np2, of helium-like systems 65 4.4. Calculation of the resonance energies and natural widths of the Rydberg series, 2 (1,0)n1Se, of the helium atom 67 4.5. Effect of the nucleus on the accuracy of semi-empirical calculations 71 4.6. Resonance energy of the Rydberg series, 2 (1,0)n1,3P°and 2 (1,0)n P°, of the Li+ helium-like ion 72 4.7. Resonance energies of the Rydberg series,1,3Se, of the Li+ helium-like ion converging toward the excitation threshold, n = 2 78 4.8. Calculation of the energies of the Rydberg states,3 (1,1)n 1P0, of helium-like systems 80 4.9. Physical interpretation of the angular-correlation quantum number, K 82 Chapter 5. Calculating the energies of Three-electron Atomic Systems (Lithium-like Systems) 117 5.1. Energy of the ground state of lithium-like systems 117 5.2. Energy of the doubly excited states, ls2snl 2L, of lithium-like systems 119 5.3. Energy of the doubly excited states, ls2sns 2S, of lithium-like systems 123 5.4. Energy of the single excitation states, 1s2nl 2L?Ã?n(1 ?nl ?n3), of lithium-like systems 132 Chapter 6. Application in the Resonant Photoionization of Atomic Systems of Atomic Numbers Z = 4-12 149 6.1. Resonance energies of the Rydberg series, (2pns 1P°) and (2pnd 1P°), of beryllium 149 6.2. Resonance energies of the excited states, 1s2p4 2,4L, of five-electron atomic systems (boron-like systems) 153 6.3. Energies and widths of the Rydberg series, 2pns 1,3P°and 2pnd 1.3P°, of the beryllium-like B+ ion 164 6.4. Energies and widths of the Rydberg series, 2pnl 1,3P°, of beryllium-like ions C2+, N3+. ..... and Ar14+ 181 6.5. Resonance energies of the Rydberg series, 2s22p4 (1D2)ns, nd, 2s22p4 (1S0)ns, nd and 2s2p5 (3P2)np, of the Ne+ ion 206 6.6. Energies of the Rydberg series, 2s22p2 (1D)nd (2L), 2s22p2 (1S)nd (2L), 2s2p3(5S0)np (4P) and 2s22p3 (3D)np, of the F2+ ion 222 6.7. Energies and widths of the Rydberg series, 3pns 1.3P, 3pnd 1.3P and 3pnd 3D, of magnesium (Mg) 230 6.8. Energies and widths of several resonance states resulting from the photoexcitation 1s 2p of the N3+ and N4+ ions 245 Chapter 7. Resonant Photoionization of Sulfur (S) and Ar+, Se+, Se2+ and Kr+ Ions 255 7.1. Photoionization of sulfur 255 7.2. Photoionization of the krypton ion (Kr+) 264 7.3. Photoionization of the Argon ion (Ar+) 270 7.4. Resonant photoionization of the selenium ions, Se+, Se2+ and Se3+ 283 Conclusion 319 Appendices 325 Appendix 1. Detailed Calculation of the Screening Constant by Unit Nuclear Charge Relative to the Ground State of Two-electron Atomic Systems 327 Appendix 2. Formalism of Slater's Atomic Orbital Theory 335 Appendix 3. Modified Formalism of the Atomic Orbital Theory 341 Bibliography 353 Index 371
Foreword xi Preface xv Introduction xix Part 1 1 Chapter 1. Different Photoionization Processes, Rydberg Series 3 1.1. Photoionization processes 3 1.2. Rydberg Series 10 Chapter 2. Experimental and Theoretical Methods of Photoionization 21 2.1. Experimental methods 21 2.2. Theoretical methods 22 2.3. Absolute photoionization cross-section 24 2.4. Analysis of resonance energies and quantum defect 28 Chapter 3. General Formalism of the Screening Constant by Unit Nuclear Charge Method Applied to Photoionization 33 3.1. Genesis of the screening constant by unit nuclear charge method 33 3.2. Expression of the total energy of three-electron atomic systems 43 3.3. General expressions of the resonance energies and widths of Rydberg series of multi-electron atomic systems 48 Part 2. Applications in the Calculations of Energies and Natural Widths of the Resonance States of Multi-Electron Atomic Systems 55 Introduction to Part 2 57 Chapter 4. Application to the Calculation of Energies of Two-electron Atomic Systems (Helium-like Systems) 59 4.1. Energy of the ground state of helium-like systems 59 4.2. Energy of the excited states, 1sns 1,3Se, of helium-like systems 61 4.3. Energy of the doubly excited symmetric states, ns2 and np2, of helium-like systems 65 4.4. Calculation of the resonance energies and natural widths of the Rydberg series, 2 (1,0)n1Se, of the helium atom 67 4.5. Effect of the nucleus on the accuracy of semi-empirical calculations 71 4.6. Resonance energy of the Rydberg series, 2 (1,0)n1,3P°and 2 (1,0)n P°, of the Li+ helium-like ion 72 4.7. Resonance energies of the Rydberg series,1,3Se, of the Li+ helium-like ion converging toward the excitation threshold, n = 2 78 4.8. Calculation of the energies of the Rydberg states,3 (1,1)n 1P0, of helium-like systems 80 4.9. Physical interpretation of the angular-correlation quantum number, K 82 Chapter 5. Calculating the energies of Three-electron Atomic Systems (Lithium-like Systems) 117 5.1. Energy of the ground state of lithium-like systems 117 5.2. Energy of the doubly excited states, ls2snl 2L, of lithium-like systems 119 5.3. Energy of the doubly excited states, ls2sns 2S, of lithium-like systems 123 5.4. Energy of the single excitation states, 1s2nl 2L?Ã?n(1 ?nl ?n3), of lithium-like systems 132 Chapter 6. Application in the Resonant Photoionization of Atomic Systems of Atomic Numbers Z = 4-12 149 6.1. Resonance energies of the Rydberg series, (2pns 1P°) and (2pnd 1P°), of beryllium 149 6.2. Resonance energies of the excited states, 1s2p4 2,4L, of five-electron atomic systems (boron-like systems) 153 6.3. Energies and widths of the Rydberg series, 2pns 1,3P°and 2pnd 1.3P°, of the beryllium-like B+ ion 164 6.4. Energies and widths of the Rydberg series, 2pnl 1,3P°, of beryllium-like ions C2+, N3+. ..... and Ar14+ 181 6.5. Resonance energies of the Rydberg series, 2s22p4 (1D2)ns, nd, 2s22p4 (1S0)ns, nd and 2s2p5 (3P2)np, of the Ne+ ion 206 6.6. Energies of the Rydberg series, 2s22p2 (1D)nd (2L), 2s22p2 (1S)nd (2L), 2s2p3(5S0)np (4P) and 2s22p3 (3D)np, of the F2+ ion 222 6.7. Energies and widths of the Rydberg series, 3pns 1.3P, 3pnd 1.3P and 3pnd 3D, of magnesium (Mg) 230 6.8. Energies and widths of several resonance states resulting from the photoexcitation 1s 2p of the N3+ and N4+ ions 245 Chapter 7. Resonant Photoionization of Sulfur (S) and Ar+, Se+, Se2+ and Kr+ Ions 255 7.1. Photoionization of sulfur 255 7.2. Photoionization of the krypton ion (Kr+) 264 7.3. Photoionization of the Argon ion (Ar+) 270 7.4. Resonant photoionization of the selenium ions, Se+, Se2+ and Se3+ 283 Conclusion 319 Appendices 325 Appendix 1. Detailed Calculation of the Screening Constant by Unit Nuclear Charge Relative to the Ground State of Two-electron Atomic Systems 327 Appendix 2. Formalism of Slater's Atomic Orbital Theory 335 Appendix 3. Modified Formalism of the Atomic Orbital Theory 341 Bibliography 353 Index 371
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