In the second half of the eighteenth century, approximately three quarters of the Mediterranean coastline and its hinterlands were controlled by a vast Islamic power, the centuries-old Ottoman Empire. However, by the end of the First World War, this great civilisation - once regarded by Christian Europe with awe and fear - had been completely subjugated, its territories occupied by European powers. The history of imperialism in the Mediterranean involves not one but six European powers - Britain, France, Italy, Spain, Austria-Hungary and Russia - jostling for control of the trade, lands and…mehr
In the second half of the eighteenth century, approximately three quarters of the Mediterranean coastline and its hinterlands were controlled by a vast Islamic power, the centuries-old Ottoman Empire. However, by the end of the First World War, this great civilisation - once regarded by Christian Europe with awe and fear - had been completely subjugated, its territories occupied by European powers. The history of imperialism in the Mediterranean involves not one but six European powers - Britain, France, Italy, Spain, Austria-Hungary and Russia - jostling for control of the trade, lands and wealth of those they saw as the existential other'. The competition between these states made their conquest of the Islamic Mediterranean a far more difficult and extended task than they encountered elsewhere in the world. Yet, as new contenders entered the contest, and as the rivalries in the Mediterranean intensified in the early twentieth century, events would spiral out of control as the continent headed towards the First World War. Set against a background of intense imperial rivalry, Sea of Troubles is the definitive account of the European conquest of the Levant and North Africa in the last three centuries.
Ian Rutledge is an economist and historian, who previously taught at the Universities of London and Sheffield. Rutledge has devoted the past two decades to researching the economic and political history of the Middle East. His other works include Enemy on the Euphrates: The Battle for Iraq, 1914-1921 (also by Saqi Books) and Addicted to Oil: America's Relentless Drive for Energy Security.
Inhaltsangabe
Epigraph Preface PART ONE c.1750 - 1830 Chapter 1: Islam, Christian Europe and the Mediterranean: Social Structures, Incomes, Living Standards and the Role of Religion Chapter 2: Islam, Christian Europe and the Mediterranean: the Ottoman 'Economic Mind', Industry and Trade Chapter 3: At the Gateway to the Mediterranean: Britain and the 'Empire' of Morocco Chapter 4: State, land and taxation: the fiscal crisis of the Ottoman system Chapter 5: The Ottoman Regencies and the Barbary Corsairs Chapter 6: The Russians in the Mediterranean Chapter 7: Ottoman Egypt: the Empire Fraying at the Edges Chapter 8: A Spanish Disaster Chapter 9: 'Liberating the Egyptians': the Origins of French Republican Imperialism Chapter 10: The French in Egypt: from Military Victory to Colonial failure Chapter 11: The Troubled beginnings of Britain's 'Blue-Water Empire' Chapter 12: The Beginning of the end for the Ottoman Regencies PART TWO 1830 - c1870 Chapter 13: The Multiple Crises of Mahmud II Chapter 14: The French Invasion of the Regency of Algiers and the growth of the Resistance 1830-36. Chapter 15: Saving the Sultans Chapter 16: Algérie Francaise, Morocco, Britain and the defeat of the Resistance Chapter 17: Syria, Suez and the France's Second Imperial Venture in the Eastern Mediterranean Chapter 18: The Industrialised and the Non-Industrialised PART THREE c.1870 - c.1900 Chapter 19: The Age of the Rentiers Chapter 20: The Bailiffs arrive Chapter 21: The slow death of the 'Empire' of Morocco PART FOUR c.1900 - 1918 Chapter 22: Imperialist Realignment and the French Intervention in Morocco Chapter 23: Imperialism on the Northern Shore: Austria-Hungary and Bosnia-Herzegovina Chapter 24: From Mediterranean Imperialism to World War: Morocco, Libya and the Southern Balkans Postscript Notes Bibliography Index
Epigraph Preface PART ONE c.1750 - 1830 Chapter 1: Islam, Christian Europe and the Mediterranean: Social Structures, Incomes, Living Standards and the Role of Religion Chapter 2: Islam, Christian Europe and the Mediterranean: the Ottoman 'Economic Mind', Industry and Trade Chapter 3: At the Gateway to the Mediterranean: Britain and the 'Empire' of Morocco Chapter 4: State, land and taxation: the fiscal crisis of the Ottoman system Chapter 5: The Ottoman Regencies and the Barbary Corsairs Chapter 6: The Russians in the Mediterranean Chapter 7: Ottoman Egypt: the Empire Fraying at the Edges Chapter 8: A Spanish Disaster Chapter 9: 'Liberating the Egyptians': the Origins of French Republican Imperialism Chapter 10: The French in Egypt: from Military Victory to Colonial failure Chapter 11: The Troubled beginnings of Britain's 'Blue-Water Empire' Chapter 12: The Beginning of the end for the Ottoman Regencies PART TWO 1830 - c1870 Chapter 13: The Multiple Crises of Mahmud II Chapter 14: The French Invasion of the Regency of Algiers and the growth of the Resistance 1830-36. Chapter 15: Saving the Sultans Chapter 16: Algérie Francaise, Morocco, Britain and the defeat of the Resistance Chapter 17: Syria, Suez and the France's Second Imperial Venture in the Eastern Mediterranean Chapter 18: The Industrialised and the Non-Industrialised PART THREE c.1870 - c.1900 Chapter 19: The Age of the Rentiers Chapter 20: The Bailiffs arrive Chapter 21: The slow death of the 'Empire' of Morocco PART FOUR c.1900 - 1918 Chapter 22: Imperialist Realignment and the French Intervention in Morocco Chapter 23: Imperialism on the Northern Shore: Austria-Hungary and Bosnia-Herzegovina Chapter 24: From Mediterranean Imperialism to World War: Morocco, Libya and the Southern Balkans Postscript Notes Bibliography Index
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