The Second Northern War (1655 60, also First or Little Northern War) was fought between Sweden and its adversaries the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth (1655 60), Russia (1656 58), Brandenburg-Prussia (1657 1660), the Habsburg Monarchy (1657 60) and Denmark Norway (1657 58 and 1658 60). The Dutch Republic often intervened against Sweden.In 1655, Charles X Gustav of Sweden invaded and occupied western Poland Lithuania, the eastern half of which was already occupied by Russia. The rapid Swedish advance became known in Poland as the Swedish Deluge. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania became a Swedish fief, the Polish Lithuanian regular armies surrendered and the Polish king John II Casimir Vasa fled to the Habsburgs.
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