Michel Foucault

Security, Territory, Population

Lectures at the College De France, 1977 - 78

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

This book derives from Foucault's lectures at the College de France between January and April 1978, which can be seen as a radical turning point in his thought. Focusing on 'bio-power', he studies the foundations of this new technology of power over population and explores the technologies of security and the history of 'governmentality'.

Produktdetails

• Michel Foucault, Lectures at the Collège de France
• Verlag: Palgrave Macmillan / Palgrave Macmillan UK / Springer Palgrave Macmillan
• Artikelnr. des Verlages: 978-1-4039-8652-8
• 2009
• Seitenzahl: 436
• Erscheinungstermin: 28. März 2007
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 222mm x 145mm x 28mm
• Gewicht: 656g
• ISBN-13: 9781403986528
• ISBN-10: 1403986525
• Artikelnr.: 22700684

Autorenporträt

Author Michel Foucault: Michel Foucault, acknowledged as the pre-eminent philosopher of France in the 1970s and 1980s, continues to have enormous impact throughout the world in many disciplines.

Inhaltsangabe

Foreword Introduction 11 January 1978 18 January 1978 25 January 1978 1 February 1978 8 February 1978 15 February 1978 22 February 1978 1 March 1978 8 March 1978 15 March 1978 22 March 1978 29 March 1978 5 April 1978 Course Summary Course Context Index of Notions Index of Names

---

Forward: François Ewald and Alessandro Fontana
Introduction: Arnold I. Davidson
One: 11 January 1978
General perspective of the lectures: the study of bio-power. - Five
proposals on the analysis of mechanisms of power. - Legal system,
disciplinary mechanisms, and security apparatuses ( dipositifs ). Two
examples: ( a ) the punishment of theft; ( b ) the treatment of leprosy,
plague, and smallpox. - General features of security apparatuses ( 1 ): the
spaces of security. - The example of the town. - Three examples of planning
urban space in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries: ( a ) Alexandre Le
Maître's La Métrpolitée ( 1682 ): ( b ) Richelieu; ( c ) Nantes.
Two: 18 January 1978
General features of apparatuses of security ( II ): relationship to the
event: the art of governing and treatment of the uncertain ( l'aléatoire
). - The problem of scarcity ( la disette ) in the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries. - From the mercantilists to the physiocrats. -
Differences between apparatuses of security and disciplinary mechanisms in
ways of dealing with the event. - The new governmental rationality and the
emergence of "population." - Conclusion on liberalism: liberty as ideology
and technique of government.
Three: 25 January 1978
General features of apparatuses of security ( III ). - Normation (
normation ) and normalization. - The example of the epidemic ( smallpox )
and inoculation campaigns in the eighteenth century. - The emergence of new
notions: case, risk, danger, and crisis. - The forms of normalization in
discipline and in mechanisms of security. - Deployment of a new political
technology: the government of populations. - The problem of population in
the mercantilists and the physiocrats. - The population as operator (
operateur ) of transformations in domains of knowledge: from the analysis
of wealth to political economy, from natural history to biology, from
general grammar to historical philology.
Four: 1 February 1978
The problem of "government in the sixteenth century. - Multiplicity of
practices of government ( government of self, government of souls,
government of children, etcetera ). - The specific problem of the
government of the state. - The point of repulsion of the literature on
government: Machiavelli's The Prince. - Brief history of the reception of
The Prince until the nineteenth century. - The art of government distinct
from the Prince's simple artfulness. - Example of this new art of
government: Guillaume de la Perrière Le Miroir politique ( 1555 ). - A
government that finds its end in the "things" to be directed. - Decline of
law to the advantage of a variety of tactics. - The historical and
institutional obstacles to the implementation of this art of government
until the eighteenth century. - The problem of population an essential
factor in unblocking the art of government. - The triangle formed by
government, population, and political economy. - Questions of method: the
project of a history of "governmentality." Overvaluation of the problem of
the state.
Five: 8 February 1978
Why study governmentality? - The problem of the state and population. -
Reminder of the general project: triple displacement of the analysis in
relation to ( a ) the institution, ( b ) the function, and ( c ) the
object. - The stake of this year's lectures. - Elements for a history of
"government." Its semantic field from the thirteenth to the sixteenth
century. - The idea of the government of men. Its sources : ( A ) The
organization of a pastoral power in the pre-Christian and Christian East. (
B ) Spiritual direction ( direction de conscience ). - First outline of the
pastorate. Its specific features: ( a ) it is exercised over a multiplicity
on the move; ( b ) it is a fundamentally beneficent power with salvation of
the flocks as its objective; ( c ) it is a power which individualizes.
Omnes et singulatim. The paradox of the shepherd ( berger ). -The
institutionalization of the pastorate by the Christian Church.
Six: 15 February 1978
Analysis of the pastorate ( continuation ). - The problem of the
shepherd-flock relationship in Greek literature and thought: Homer, the
Pythagorean tradition. Rareness of the shepherd metaphor in classical
political literature ( Isocrates, Demosthenes ). - A major exception:
Plato's The Statesman. The use of the metaphor in other Plato texts (
Critias, Laws, The Republic ). The critique of the idea of a
magistrate-shepherd in The Statesman. The pastoral metaphor applied to the
doctor, farmer, gymnast, and teacher. - The history of the pastorate in the
West, as a model of the government of men, in inseparable from
Christianity. Its transformations and crises up to the eighteenth century.
Need for a history of the pastorate. - Characteristics of the "government
of souls": encompassing power coextensive with the organization of the
Church and distinct from political power. - The problem of the
relationships between political power and pastoral power in the West.
Comparison with the Russian tradition.
Seven: 22 February 1978
Analysis of the pastorate ( end ). - Specificity of the Christian pastorate
in comparison with Eastern and Hebraic traditions. - An art of governing
men. Its role in the history of governmentality. - Main features of the
Christian pastorate from the third to the sixth century ( Saint John
Chrysostom, Saint Cyprian, Saint Ambrose, Gregory the Great, Cassian, Saint
Benedict ): ( 1 ) the relationship to salvation. An economy of merits and
faults: ( a ) the principle of analytical responsibility; ( b ) the
principle of exhaustive and instantaneous transfer; ( c ) the principle of
sacrificial reversal; ( d ) the principle of alternate correspondence. ( 2
) The relationship to the law: institution of a relationship of complete
subordination of the sheep to the person who directs them. An individual
and non-finalized relationship. Difference between Greek and Christian
apatheia. ( 3 ) The relationship to the truth; the production of hidden
truths. Pastoral teaching and spiritual direction. - Conclusion: an
absolutely new form of power that marks the appearance of specific modes of
individualization. Its decisive importance for the history of the subject.
Eight: 1 March 1978
The notion of "conduct." - The crisis of the pastorate. - Revolts of
conduct in the field of the pastorate. - The shift of forms of resistance
to the borders of political institutions in the modern age: examples of the
army, secret societies, and medicine. - Problem of vocabulary: "Revolts of
conduct," "insubordination" ( insoumission )," "dissidence," and
"counter-conduct." Pastoral counter-conducts. Historical reminder: ( a )
asceticism; ( b ) communities; ( c ) mysticism; ( d ) Scripture; ( e )
eschatological beliefs. - Conclusion: what is at stake in the reference to
the notion of "pastoral power" for an analysis of the modes of exercise of
power in general.
Nine: 8 March 1978
From the pastoral of souls to the political government of men. - General
context of this transformation: the crisis of the pastorate and the
insurrections of conduct in the sixteenth century. The Protestant
Reformation and the Counter Reformation. Other factors. - Two notable
phenomena; the intensification of the religious pastorate and the
increasing question of conduct, on both private and public levels. -
Governmental reason specific to the exercise of sovereignty. - Comparison
with Saint Thomas. - Break-up of the cosmological-theological continuum. -
The question of the art of governing. - Comment on the problem of
intelligibility in history. - Raison d'État ( 1 ): newness and object of
scandal. - Three focal points of the polemical debate around raison d'État:
Machiavelli, "politics" ( la "politique" ), and the "state."
Ten: 15 March 1978
Raison d'État ( II ): its definition and principal characteristics in the
seventeenth century. - The new model of historical temporality entailed by
raison d'État. - Specific features of raison d'État with regard to pastoral
government: ( 1 ) The problem of salvation: the theory of coup d'État (
Naudé ). Necessity, violence, theatricality. - ( 2 ) The problem of
obedience. Bacon: the question of sedition. Differences between Bacon and
Machiavelli. - ( 3 ) The problem of truth: from the wisdom of the prince to
knowledge of the state. Birth of statistics. The problem of the secret. -
The reflexive prism in which the problem of the state appeared. -
Presence-absence of "population" in this new problematic.
Eleven: 22 March 1978
Raison d'État ( III ). - The state as principle of intelligibility and as
objective. - The functioning of this governmental reason: ( A ) In
theoretical texts. The theory of the preservation of the state. ( B ) In
political practice. Competition between states. - The Treaty of Westphalia
and the end of the Roman Empire. - Force, a new element of political
reason. - Politics and the dynamic of forces. - The first technological
ensemble typical of this new art of government: the diplomatic-military
system. - Its objective: the search for a European balance. What is Europe?
The idea of "balance." - Its instruments: ( 1 ) war; ( 2 ) diplomacy; ( 3 )
the installation of a permanent military apparatus ( dispositif ).
Twelve: 29 March 1978
The second technological assemblage characteristic of the new art of
government according to raison d'État: police. Traditional meanings of the
word up to the sixteenth century. Its new sense in the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries: calculation and technique making possible the good
sue of the state's forces. - The triple relationship between the system of
European balance and police. - Diversity of Italian, German, and French
situations. - Turquet de Mayerne, La Monarchie aristodémocratique. - The
control of human activity as constitutive element of the force of the
state. - Objects of police: ( 1 ) the number of citizens; ( 2 ) the
necessities of life; ( 3 ) health; ( 4 ) occupations; ( 5 ) the coexistence
and circulation of men. - Police as the art of managing life and the
well-being of populations.
Thirteen: 5 April 1978
Police ( continuation ). - Delamare. - The town as site for the development
of police. Police and urban regulation. Urbanization of the territory.
Relationship between police and the mercantilist problematic. - Emergence
of the market town. - Methods of police. Difference between police and
justice. An essentially regulatory type of power. Regulation and
discipline. - Return to the problem of grain. - Criticism of the police
state on the basis of the problem of scarcity. - The theses of the
économistes. - The transformations of raison d'État: ( 1 ) the naturalness
of society; ( 2 ) new relationships between power and knowledge; ( 3 )
taking charge of the population ( public hygiene, demography, etc. ); ( 4 )
new forms of state intervention; ( 5 ) the status of liberty. - Elements of
the new art of government: economic practice, management of the population,
law and respect for liberties, police with a repressive function. -
Different forms of counter-conduct relative to this governmentality. -
General conclusion.
Course Summary
Course Context
Index of Names
Subject Index

Rezensionen

'These lectures offer the wonderful opportunity of witnessing a great mind at work. In answering the question of whether the general economy of power in our societies is becoming a domain of security Foucault is never less than erudite, insightful and challenging. Here, probably better than anywhere else, we see the nature of his thoughts on the rationality of modern government'. - Jeremy Jennings, Department of Politics, Queen Mary, University of London, and editor of The European Journal of Political Theory

'Security, Territory and Population is a stunning display of Foucault's skills of historical research and theoretical insight. Exploring the emergence of 'bio-power'and the 'techniques of security' designed to shape and regulate populations from a distance, Foucault looks beyond disciplinary power to a distinctively modern form of government through freedom. Accessible and highly readable, these lectures have much to tell us about our contemporary situation.' - James Martin, Department of Politics, Goldsmiths, University of London

'The English translation of Security, Territory and Population is a major event not only for Anglophone readers of Foucault's work, but for all those concerned with understanding our present social and political condition. These lectures show that the trenchant analysis of biopower, power over life, which Foucault had begun in the first volume of the History of Sexuality and which he pursues here in terms of technologies of security, led him to a decisively deeper and more radical formulation of his guiding problematic-what he called the government of the self and others-the issue that would serve as the basis for all his subsequent work. Security, Territory and Population might thus properly be called the 'missing link' that reveals the underlying unity of Foucault's later thought. It offers a new set of tools and analyses for all those who would seek to take up its line of flight. Burchell's translation is meticulous, supple, and attentive to the nuances of Foucault's fluid lecture style. We all stand in his debt.' - Kevin Thompson, Book Review Editor, Continental Philosophy Review, Department of Philosophy, DePaul University

'Security, Territory, Population therefore provides an indispensable resource for those who are already working on the history of governmentality as well as a useful point of reference for those who are familiar with Foucault's work but wish to gain additional insight into some of his most productive lines of historical inquiry.' - Nick Butler, Ephemera, Theory& Politics in Organization

'...much care has gone into the editing and presentation of the work, with great respect paid for the original oral delivery balanced by the addition of scholarly notes and references, occasional supplementary material provided from the written course manuscripts, as well as a helpful essay by the editor on the context of the course.' - Matthew Chrulew, Limina (A Journalof Historical and Cultural Studies)