Stringent legislation is forcing manufacturing industry to be aware of the impact its operations have on the environment, in order to control and reduce the affect of those operations. Increasingly sophisticated equipment is required for this monitoring, and development of that equipment and strategies for its use is a multi-disciplinary field involving chemists, analytical scientists and engineers. This volume is divided into two parts, the first introducing the reader to the various sensor systems and illustrating the advantages and disadvantages those systems have for monitoring programmes,…mehr
Stringent legislation is forcing manufacturing industry to be aware of the impact its operations have on the environment, in order to control and reduce the affect of those operations. Increasingly sophisticated equipment is required for this monitoring, and development of that equipment and strategies for its use is a multi-disciplinary field involving chemists, analytical scientists and engineers. This volume is divided into two parts, the first introducing the reader to the various sensor systems and illustrating the advantages and disadvantages those systems have for monitoring programmes, and the second introducing the problems associated with environmental monitoring, and showing how the sensors discussed in the first section can be applied to produce a thorough monitoring programme.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Volume.- 1 Land pollution.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Common contaminant types and environmental behavior.- 1.3 Sampling and analytical procedures.- 1.4 Monitoring equipment and instrumentation.- 1.5 Summary.- References.- 2 Water pollution.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Sampling.- 2.3 Continuous monitoring.- 2.4 Physical variables.- 2.5 Chemical variables.- 2.6 Biological variables.- 2.7 Conclusions -.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 3 Air pollution.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Characterisation of atmospheric pollutants.- 3.3 Air pollution sampling.- 3.4 Monitoring modes.- 3.5 Conclusions.- References.- 4 Periodic methods for monitoring air pollution.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Sampling: the problems to overcome.- 4.3 Losses to the sample line.- 4.4 Classification of pollutants.- 4.5 Classification of air samplers.- 4.6 Detection limit.- 4.7 Gas velocity and total flow in a duct.- 4.8 Measurement of particulate in ducts.- 4.9 Sampling devices for non-reactive gases and vapours.- 4.10 Wet impingers and sintered glass absorbers.- 4.11 Cryogenic methods.- 4.12 Odour measurement.- 4.13 Instrumental methods for use in the field.- 4.14 Standard atmospheres.- 4.15 Selected methods.- 4.16 Conclusion.- Acknowledgements.- Appendix 1: References to the Environmental Protection Agency of the USA.- Appendix 2: References to the NIOSH methods.- Appendix 3: References to the Health and Safety Executive methods for the determination of hazardous substances (HSE MDHS).- Appendix 4: References to the ASTM standard methods.- References.- 5 Industrial methods of spectrophotometry measurements in process control.- 5.1 Introduction to process analytical chemistry.- 5.2 Project route.- 5.3 Industrial uses of spectroscopy.- 5.4 Industrial measurements in the UV-visible region.- 5.5 Industrial measurements in the IR region.- 5.6 Quantitative measurement in spectroscopy.- 5.7 Future trends.- References.- 6 Noise and vibration.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Noise sources.- 6.3 Legislation.- 6.4 Measurement.- 6.5 Noise reduction and control.- 6.6 Future trends.- 6.7 Glossary.- References.- 7 Ionising radiation.- 7.1 Introduction to radiation.- 7.2 Properties of ionising radiation.- 7.3 Sources of ionising radiation.- 7.4 In situ measurements.- 7.5 Sampling.- 7.6 Analytical procedures.- 7.7 Case study.- 7.8 Conclusions.- References.
Volume.- 1 Land pollution.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Common contaminant types and environmental behavior.- 1.3 Sampling and analytical procedures.- 1.4 Monitoring equipment and instrumentation.- 1.5 Summary.- References.- 2 Water pollution.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Sampling.- 2.3 Continuous monitoring.- 2.4 Physical variables.- 2.5 Chemical variables.- 2.6 Biological variables.- 2.7 Conclusions -.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 3 Air pollution.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Characterisation of atmospheric pollutants.- 3.3 Air pollution sampling.- 3.4 Monitoring modes.- 3.5 Conclusions.- References.- 4 Periodic methods for monitoring air pollution.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Sampling: the problems to overcome.- 4.3 Losses to the sample line.- 4.4 Classification of pollutants.- 4.5 Classification of air samplers.- 4.6 Detection limit.- 4.7 Gas velocity and total flow in a duct.- 4.8 Measurement of particulate in ducts.- 4.9 Sampling devices for non-reactive gases and vapours.- 4.10 Wet impingers and sintered glass absorbers.- 4.11 Cryogenic methods.- 4.12 Odour measurement.- 4.13 Instrumental methods for use in the field.- 4.14 Standard atmospheres.- 4.15 Selected methods.- 4.16 Conclusion.- Acknowledgements.- Appendix 1: References to the Environmental Protection Agency of the USA.- Appendix 2: References to the NIOSH methods.- Appendix 3: References to the Health and Safety Executive methods for the determination of hazardous substances (HSE MDHS).- Appendix 4: References to the ASTM standard methods.- References.- 5 Industrial methods of spectrophotometry measurements in process control.- 5.1 Introduction to process analytical chemistry.- 5.2 Project route.- 5.3 Industrial uses of spectroscopy.- 5.4 Industrial measurements in the UV-visible region.- 5.5 Industrial measurements in the IR region.- 5.6 Quantitative measurement in spectroscopy.- 5.7 Future trends.- References.- 6 Noise and vibration.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Noise sources.- 6.3 Legislation.- 6.4 Measurement.- 6.5 Noise reduction and control.- 6.6 Future trends.- 6.7 Glossary.- References.- 7 Ionising radiation.- 7.1 Introduction to radiation.- 7.2 Properties of ionising radiation.- 7.3 Sources of ionising radiation.- 7.4 In situ measurements.- 7.5 Sampling.- 7.6 Analytical procedures.- 7.7 Case study.- 7.8 Conclusions.- References.
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