Rice is an important food grain and is a staple food for majority of the world's population. To meet increasing global demand and consumption, rice productivity must be enhanced. However, biotic stresses such as diseases have impeded rice cultivation both in the tropical and subtropical countries. Of them, sheath blight is a major soil borne disease causing economic losses to rice cultivation. This book summarizes sheath blight (ShB) of rice, disease etiology, economics and its management .