This book attempts a targeted review and analysis of the most risky circumstances of major noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) associated with magnesium deficiency and the involvement of this deficiency in the systemogenesis of NCDs, high disability of the working-age population of the Russian Federation, fatal complications and uncompensated magnesium deficiency in the outcome of diseases. As a basis of goal setting and the content of this work the authors took the initial understanding of the global influence of magnesium on homeostasis and practically on all levels and types of metabolism. It is recommended to specialists in preventive medicine, general and family practice doctors, pediatricians, health care organizers, specialists in health centres, primary prevention rooms for cardio and cerebrovascular diseases, doctors of various specialties.