This book contains scientific investigations which focused on developing of mesoporous, magnetic, and silica pillared nanocomposites (NCs) to encapsulate the active ingredients used for the successful treatment of various diseases, and to deliver them to targeted areas. In this context, two different raw Mt clay ores were first purified using mineral beneficiation techniques such as sedimentation, flotation, and centrifuge effected gravity seperation. After the clay beneficiation studies, NCs were prepared as a function of TEOS and CTAB concentrations. Two main goals were aimed in NCs production. The first one was the production of NCs with magnetic sensitivity. The second one was to obtain the mesoporous structure to achieve controlled drug release performance. The surface of the NCs prepared under optimum conditions was also modified with aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to produce a second formulation. Finally, the loading and in vitro release performances of 5-Fluorouracil active ingredient from NCs produced under optimum conditions as a drug delivery system were investigated.