Herpetofauna is an important component of any ecosystem, particularly their role as ecological indicators is well established. However, very little information is known about their distribution, this lack of information is very distinct for freshwater turtles. In this book, the distribution and conservation status of freshwater turtles in a peri-urban waterscape of Eastern India have been discussed thoroughly. Moreover, this book provides the necessary keys for the identification of all the freshwater turtles found in India. As a part of the species conservation, a detailed trade description of freshwater turtles from all over India is represented. This is one of the rarest ventures of information dissemination on freshwater turtles from Eastern Indian urban areas.