SMART GRIDS AND GREN ENERGY SYSTEMS Green energy and smart grids are two of the most important topics in the constantly emerging and changing energy and power industry. Books like this one keep the veteran engineer and student, alike, up to date on current trends in the technology and offer a reference for the industry for its practical applications. Smart grids and green energy systems are promising research fields which need to be commercialized for many reasons, including more efficient energy systems and environmental concerns. Performance and cost are tradeoffs which need to be…mehr
Green energy and smart grids are two of the most important topics in the constantly emerging and changing energy and power industry. Books like this one keep the veteran engineer and student, alike, up to date on current trends in the technology and offer a reference for the industry for its practical applications.
Smart grids and green energy systems are promising research fields which need to be commercialized for many reasons, including more efficient energy systems and environmental concerns. Performance and cost are tradeoffs which need to be researched to arrive at optimal solutions. This book focuses on the convergence of various technologies involved in smart grids and green energy systems. Areas of expertise, such as computer science, electronics, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering are all covered. In the future, there is no doubt that all countries will gradually shift from conventional energy sources to green energy systems. Thus, it is extremely important for any engineer, scientist, or other professional in this area to keep up with evolving technologies, techniques, and processes covered in this important new volume.
This book brings together the research that has been carrying out in the field of smart grids and green energy systems, across a variety of industries and scientific subject-areas. Written and edited by a team of experts, this groundbreaking collection of papers serves as a point of convergence wherein all these domains need to be addressed. The various chapters are configured in order to address the challenges faced in smart grid and green energy systems from various fields and possible solutions. Valuable as a learning tool for beginners in this area as well as a daily reference for engineers and scientists working in these areas, this is a must-have for any library.
A. Chitra, PhD, is an associate professor in the School of Electrical Engineering at the Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India. She received her PhD from Pondicherry University and has published many papers in scientific journals and conferences. She is one of the Board of Studies members at Pondicherry Engineering College and is currently working on several books for Scrivener Publishing. V. Indra Gandhi, PhD, is an associate professor in the School of Electrical Engineering, VIT, Vellore, Tamilnadu. She received her PhD from Anna University in Chennai, India. She has over 12 years of experience in the area of power electronics and renewable energy systems and has authored over 100 research articles in leading peer-reviewed international journals. She has filed three patents and has one book to her credit. She has also received the best researcher award from NFED, Coimbatore and from VIT. W. Razia Sultana, PhD, is an associate professor in the School of Electrical Engineering, at the Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, where she also received her PhD.
Inhaltsangabe
Preface xiii
1 Studies on Enhancement of Battery Pack Efficiency Using Active Cell Balancing Techniques for Electric Vehicle Applications Through MATLAB Simulations 1 B. Akhila and S. Arockia Edwin Xavier
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Influence of Lithium Ion Batteries 2
1.3 Cell Balancing 3
1.3.1 Types of Cell Balancing 3
1.3.2 Passive Cell Balancing 3
1.3.3 Active Cell Balancing 3
1.3.4 Why Cell Balancing is Important 5
1.4 Block Diagram 6
1.5 SOC Control Using Passive Cell Equalization 6
1.5.1 Equalization Results 7
1.6 Voltage Control Using Active Cell Equalization 9
1.6.1 The Flyback Converter Method 9
1.6.2 The Multi-Winding Transformer Method 11
1.7 Conclusion 14
References 15
2 Evaluation and Impacts of Minimum Energy Performance Standards of Electrical Motors in India 17 S. Manoharan, G. Sureshkumaar, B. Mahalakshmi and V. Govindaraj
2.1 Introduction 18
2.2 A Review of IS 12615 Evaluation 20
2.3 A Scenario of 'MEPS' for Electric Motors From Around the World 25
2.4 Government Initiatives to Improve the Energy Efficiency of Electric Motors 29
2.4.1 National Motor Replacement Program 29
2.4.2 Obstacles to Overcome and the Path Forward 30
2.5 Conclusion 31
References 31
3 Smart Power Tracking and Power Factor Correction in a PV System 35 Karthika J., Santhosh B., Vallinayagam K., Thennavan S. and Narendran R.K.
3.1 Introduction 35
3.2 Literature Review 37
3.3 Smart Power Tracking 37
3.4 Perturb and Observe 38
3.5 Need for Power Factor Correction 40
3.6 Correction Method 40
3.7 Capacitive Bank 40
3.8 Simulation 43
3.9 Result and Output 43
3.10 Conclusion 45
References 45
4 Grid Connected Inverter for PV System Using Fuzzy Logic Controller 47 Elam Cheren S., Sakthi Ganesh R., Vijay K., Surya V. and Venkatesha R.
4.1 Introduction 47
4.2 Methodology 49
4.3 PV Module 49
4.4 DC-DC Converter 50
4.5 Mppt 51
4.6 Grid Connected PV System 55
4.7 Results and Discussion 55
4.8 Conclusion 56
References 57
5 An Experimental Investigation of Fuzzy-Based Voltage-Lift Multilevel Inverter Using Solar Photovoltaic Application 59 Gnanavel C., Johny Renoald A., Saravanan S., Vanchinathan K. and Sathishkhanna P.
5.1 Introduction 60
5.2 Proposed SVLMLI 61
5.2.1 Trigger On State 62
5.2.2 Trigger Off State 63
5.3 Design of FLC 64
5.4 FL Tuned PI Controller 66
5.5 Result and Discussion 66
5.6 Conclusion 72
References 72
6 Potentials and Challenges of Digital Twin: Toward Industry 4.0 75 M. Baranidharan, Dattatraya Kalel and R. Raja Singh
6.1 Introduction 75
6.2 Industry 4.0 77
6.3 Digital Twin Technology 79
6.3.1 Concept of Physical and Virtual Model of DTT 80
6.3.2 Digital Twin Effect on Industries--Industry 4.0 82
6.4 Potential and Challenges in Applying Digital Twin Technology 83
1 Studies on Enhancement of Battery Pack Efficiency Using Active Cell Balancing Techniques for Electric Vehicle Applications Through MATLAB Simulations 1 B. Akhila and S. Arockia Edwin Xavier
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Influence of Lithium Ion Batteries 2
1.3 Cell Balancing 3
1.3.1 Types of Cell Balancing 3
1.3.2 Passive Cell Balancing 3
1.3.3 Active Cell Balancing 3
1.3.4 Why Cell Balancing is Important 5
1.4 Block Diagram 6
1.5 SOC Control Using Passive Cell Equalization 6
1.5.1 Equalization Results 7
1.6 Voltage Control Using Active Cell Equalization 9
1.6.1 The Flyback Converter Method 9
1.6.2 The Multi-Winding Transformer Method 11
1.7 Conclusion 14
References 15
2 Evaluation and Impacts of Minimum Energy Performance Standards of Electrical Motors in India 17 S. Manoharan, G. Sureshkumaar, B. Mahalakshmi and V. Govindaraj
2.1 Introduction 18
2.2 A Review of IS 12615 Evaluation 20
2.3 A Scenario of 'MEPS' for Electric Motors From Around the World 25
2.4 Government Initiatives to Improve the Energy Efficiency of Electric Motors 29
2.4.1 National Motor Replacement Program 29
2.4.2 Obstacles to Overcome and the Path Forward 30
2.5 Conclusion 31
References 31
3 Smart Power Tracking and Power Factor Correction in a PV System 35 Karthika J., Santhosh B., Vallinayagam K., Thennavan S. and Narendran R.K.
3.1 Introduction 35
3.2 Literature Review 37
3.3 Smart Power Tracking 37
3.4 Perturb and Observe 38
3.5 Need for Power Factor Correction 40
3.6 Correction Method 40
3.7 Capacitive Bank 40
3.8 Simulation 43
3.9 Result and Output 43
3.10 Conclusion 45
References 45
4 Grid Connected Inverter for PV System Using Fuzzy Logic Controller 47 Elam Cheren S., Sakthi Ganesh R., Vijay K., Surya V. and Venkatesha R.
4.1 Introduction 47
4.2 Methodology 49
4.3 PV Module 49
4.4 DC-DC Converter 50
4.5 Mppt 51
4.6 Grid Connected PV System 55
4.7 Results and Discussion 55
4.8 Conclusion 56
References 57
5 An Experimental Investigation of Fuzzy-Based Voltage-Lift Multilevel Inverter Using Solar Photovoltaic Application 59 Gnanavel C., Johny Renoald A., Saravanan S., Vanchinathan K. and Sathishkhanna P.
5.1 Introduction 60
5.2 Proposed SVLMLI 61
5.2.1 Trigger On State 62
5.2.2 Trigger Off State 63
5.3 Design of FLC 64
5.4 FL Tuned PI Controller 66
5.5 Result and Discussion 66
5.6 Conclusion 72
References 72
6 Potentials and Challenges of Digital Twin: Toward Industry 4.0 75 M. Baranidharan, Dattatraya Kalel and R. Raja Singh
6.1 Introduction 75
6.2 Industry 4.0 77
6.3 Digital Twin Technology 79
6.3.1 Concept of Physical and Virtual Model of DTT 80
6.3.2 Digital Twin Effect on Industries--Industry 4.0 82
6.4 Potential and Challenges in Applying Digital Twin Technology 83
6.4.1 Information Technology Infrastructure 83
6.4.2 Useful Data 83
6.4.3 Trust 84
6.4.4 Expectations 84
6.4.5 Standardized Modeling 84
6.4.6 Domain Modeling 85
6.5 Research and Development Challenges 85
6.5.1 Cost 85
6.5.2 Precise Representation 86
6.5.3 Data Quality 86
6.5.4 Interoperability 86 &nb
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