Federal Construction Law for Construction Professionals Any firm intent on benefitting from the boom in federal government construction contracts must navigate an increasingly complicated and demanding set of laws, regulations, and practices that govern these projects and the contractors performing them. To help guide you through this maze, here is the updated edition of the easy-to-understand guide to the practical reality of these special requirements, and how managers and owners of construction industry firms can use them to effectively avoid pitfalls on current projects and compete…mehr
Federal Construction Law for Construction Professionals Any firm intent on benefitting from the boom in federal government construction contracts must navigate an increasingly complicated and demanding set of laws, regulations, and practices that govern these projects and the contractors performing them. To help guide you through this maze, here is the updated edition of the easy-to-understand guide to the practical reality of these special requirements, and how managers and owners of construction industry firms can use them to effectively avoid pitfalls on current projects and compete successfully for new projects. Smith, Currie & Hancock's Federal Government Construction Contracts, Second Edition walks the reader through actual federal contracts, highlights critical clauses, and simplifies governmental and legal jargon to provide ease of use by the nonlawyer. Updates to this Second Edition include: * Coverage of the newly enacted American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 * Specifics of federal government grants to state and local public construction contracts * New insights on Design-Build, Early Contractor Involvement (ECI), BIM, Green Construction, and Web-based project management techniques used by the federal government * A revised look at the increasingly detailed business ethics and compliance program requirements for contractors and subcontractors as mandated by the federal government for its contractors * A unique Web site at www.wiley.com/go/federalconstructionlaw provides the user with a Table of Acronyms and Terms commonly found in federal government contracts, an extensive list of Web sites of interest to federal government construction contractors, checklists, sample forms, as well as specifications related to innovations in project delivery By making transparent the many rights, risks, and legal responsibilities involved in a federal government construction project, Smith, Currie & Hancock's Federal Government Construction Contracts, Second Edition provides construction industry professionals--from general contractors, subcontractors, and designers to surety bond agents--with the insight and understanding they need to avoid problems and run a successful project from start to finish.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Thomas J. Kelleher, Jr., Lead Editor, is Senior Partner with Smith, Currie & Hancock LLP and Editor of Common Sense Construction Law, Third Edition. Thomas E. Abernathy IV, Coeditor, is a Partner with Smith, Currie & Hancock LLP and a past chair, American Bar Association, Section of Public Contract Law. Hubert J. Bell, Jr., Coeditor, is a Partner with Smith, Currie & Hancock LLP and a past chair, American Bar Association, Section of Public Contract Law. Smith, Currie & Hancock LLP, founded in 1965 and with offices in Atlanta, Georgia; Charlotte, North Carolina; Tallahassee and Ft. Lauderdale, Florida; Las Vegas, Nevada; and Washington, D.C., has nationally recognized practices in the areas of construction law, government contracts, and environmental law. The firm represents clients in all fifty states, as well as Mexico, Canada, and South America, Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Inhaltsangabe
Foreword xix Preface xxi Introduction xxv Author Biographies xxvi 1 Federal Government Contracts and Commercial Contracts: A Brief Comparison 1 I. Government Construction Contracting Process: An Overview 1 II. Relationship of Commercial and Government Contract Law 7 III. Sources of Federal Laws Affecting Government Construction Contracts 9 IV. Procurement Integrity and Standards of Conduct 18 Appendix 1A: A Brief History of the Disputes Process in Government Contracts 41 2 Authority to Bind the Government, Contract Financing, and Payment 45 I. Authority of Government Employees or Agents 45 II. Availability of Funding 59 III. Contract Payment Procedures 67 IV. Government Setoff/Debt Collection Rights 72 V. Assignments/Novations 73 Appendix 2A: Sample Letter to Contracting Officer Requesting Clarification on the Scope of an Authorized Representative's Authority 77 Appendix 2B: Notification of Potential Changes by a Contracting Officer's Representative or Other Government Representative 78 Appendix 2C: Limitation of Government's Obligation (May 2006) 79 3 Contract Formation 91 I. Basic Principles of Contract Formation 81 II. The Government Procurement Process 85 III. Competing for the Award 87 IV. Bid Guarantees (Bonds) 96 V. Responsive Bids and Proposals 99 VI. The Evaluation Process 103 VII. Late Bids and Proposals 119 VIII. Relief for Contractor Bid/Proposal Mistakes 121 IX. Bid Protests 124 4 Contract Types 143 I. Introduction 143 II. Organization of a Typical Construction Contract 144 III. Project Delivery Categories 144 IV. Indefinite Delivery Contracts 154 V. Pricing Categories 159 VI. Options 167 VII. Project Delivery and Contract-Type Risk Analysis 169 VIII. Building Information Modeling 169 5 Socioeconomic Policies 177 I. Introduction 177 II. Small Business Contracting Programs 178 III. Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action Programs 198 IV. Buy American Act 200 V. Labor Standards 204 VI. Environmental Laws 212 VII. Employee Safety and the Occupational Safety and Health Act 214 Appendix 5A: SBA Program Requirements for Joint Ventures and Subcontracting 219 6 Government Contract Interpretation 221 I. Importance of Contract Interpretation 221 II. Goal of Contract Interpretation 221 III. Circumstances Surrounding Contract Interpretation 225 IV. Resolving Ambiguities 230 V. Allocation of Risks and Obligations 234 VI. Standard FAR Clauses Affecting Allocation of Risks and Contract Interpretation 244 VII. Interpretation of Subcontracts under Federal Contracts 247 Appendix 6A: Sample Table of FAR Clauses with Flow-down Requirements 251 7 Differing Site Conditions 255 I. Historical Overview 255 II. Federal Government Contract Clause 257 III. Recovery for a Type I Changed Condition 259 IV. Recovery for a Type II Changed Condition 262 V. Other Conditions: Weather and Quantity Variations 265 VI. Factors Affecting Recovery 268 Appendix 7A: Site Investigation Checklist 278 8 Contract Changes 281 I Purpose of the Changes Clause 281 II. FAR Changes Clause 283 III. Authority to Issue Changes 290 IV. Express Changes: Bilateral and Unilateral 295 V. Constructive Changes 299 VI. Cardinal Changes 306 VII. Value Engineering Changes 309 VIII. Prerequisites to Recovery 312 IX. Novations 322 Appendix 8A: Value Engineering-Construction (Sept. 2006) 324 9 Delays, Suspension, and Acceleration 329 I. Types of Delay: Basic Principles 329 II. Causes of Excusable Delay 333 III. Causes of Compensable Delay 336 IV. Scheduling and Delays 341 V. Right to Complete Early 343 VI. Concurrent Delay 345 VII. Suspension of Work 346 VIII. Time Extensions 350 IX. Relationship of Delay Remedies under the Suspension of Work and Changes Clauses 355 X. Acceleration 356 Appendix 9A: Suspension of Work (Apr. 1984) 362 10 Inspection, Acceptance, Commissioning, and Warranties 363 I. FAR Clauses Affecting Inspection and Acceptance 364 II. Contractor Quality Control Systems 366 III. Strict Compliance versus Substantial Compliance 369 IV. Government's Right to Inspect 371 V. Limits on Government's Inspection Rights 372 VI. Cost of Inspection 375 VII. Acceptance 377 VIII. Project Commissioning 382 IX. Warranties 386 Appendix 10A: Use and Possession prior to Completion (Apr. 1984) 391 Appendix 10B: Warranty of Construction (Mar. 1994) 392 Appendix 10C: Whole Building Design Guide 394 Section 01 91 00 (Section 01810)-Commissioning 394 Part 1. General 394 Part 2. Products 399 Part 3. Execution 400 11 Contract Terminations 407 I. Introduction 407 II. Terminations for Default 407 III. Government Damages 427 IV. Terminations for Convenience 438 V. Constructive Terminations 445 VI. Termination Settlements 448 Appendix 11A: Termination for Convenience of the Government (Fixed-Price) (Alternate I) (Sep. 1996) 454 Appendix 11B: Checklist: Potential Default Termination 458 12 Payment and Performance Bonds 463 I. Introduction 463 II. Miller Act Payment Bonds 464 III. Miller Act Performance Bonds 472 Appendix 12A Standard Form 25 -Payment Bond 479 Appendix 12B Standard Form 25-Performance Bond 481 13 Equitable Adjustments and Costs 483 I. Overview 483 II. Equitable Adjustment Theory 485 III. Methods of Pricing Equitable Adjustments and Claims 508 IV. Cost and Pricing Data 513 14 Project Documentation Techniques 523 I Documentation Generally 523 II. Notice Obligations in Government Contracts 524 III. Notice to Representatives/Agents of Contracting Officer 531 IV. Written versus Alternative Forms of Notice 533 V. Failure to Give Notice-Consequences 538 VI. Coordinating Notice Requirements in Subcontracts and Purchase Orders 540 VII. Documentation Recommendations 543 VIII. Documenting with Project Management Software 557 Appendix 14A: Notice Checklist 562 Appendix 14B: Sample (Partial) Notice Checklist: Federal Government Construction Contracts 564 Appendix 14C: Forms 566 15 Contract Claims and Disputes 571 I. Introduction 571 II. The Contract Disputes Act 571 III. Contractor Claims under the CDA 574 IV. Subcontractors and the CDA Claims Process 602 V. Government Claims 605 VI. Contracting Officer's Decision 607 VII. Contract Disputes and Alternative Dispute Resolution 618 VIII. Recovery of Attorneys' Fees in Government Contract Claims 620 Appendix 15A: Sample Freedom of Information Act Letter 624 16 Federal Grants Funding Construction Contracts 627 I. Overview 627 II. Role of Federal Agencies in Grant-Funded Contracting 628 III. Administration and Interpretation of Grant-Funded Contracts 634 17 The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act and Government Construction Projects 643 I. Overview 643 II. Registration and Reporting Requirements 647 III. Buy American Requirements 650 IV. Accountability and Ethics 654 V. Wage-Rate Requirements 657 Appendix A: Internet-Based Resources Applicable to Government Contracting 659 Appendix B: Glossary of Terms and Acronyms 665 Index 673
Foreword xix Preface xxi Introduction xxv Author Biographies xxvi 1 Federal Government Contracts and Commercial Contracts: A Brief Comparison 1 I. Government Construction Contracting Process: An Overview 1 II. Relationship of Commercial and Government Contract Law 7 III. Sources of Federal Laws Affecting Government Construction Contracts 9 IV. Procurement Integrity and Standards of Conduct 18 Appendix 1A: A Brief History of the Disputes Process in Government Contracts 41 2 Authority to Bind the Government, Contract Financing, and Payment 45 I. Authority of Government Employees or Agents 45 II. Availability of Funding 59 III. Contract Payment Procedures 67 IV. Government Setoff/Debt Collection Rights 72 V. Assignments/Novations 73 Appendix 2A: Sample Letter to Contracting Officer Requesting Clarification on the Scope of an Authorized Representative's Authority 77 Appendix 2B: Notification of Potential Changes by a Contracting Officer's Representative or Other Government Representative 78 Appendix 2C: Limitation of Government's Obligation (May 2006) 79 3 Contract Formation 91 I. Basic Principles of Contract Formation 81 II. The Government Procurement Process 85 III. Competing for the Award 87 IV. Bid Guarantees (Bonds) 96 V. Responsive Bids and Proposals 99 VI. The Evaluation Process 103 VII. Late Bids and Proposals 119 VIII. Relief for Contractor Bid/Proposal Mistakes 121 IX. Bid Protests 124 4 Contract Types 143 I. Introduction 143 II. Organization of a Typical Construction Contract 144 III. Project Delivery Categories 144 IV. Indefinite Delivery Contracts 154 V. Pricing Categories 159 VI. Options 167 VII. Project Delivery and Contract-Type Risk Analysis 169 VIII. Building Information Modeling 169 5 Socioeconomic Policies 177 I. Introduction 177 II. Small Business Contracting Programs 178 III. Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action Programs 198 IV. Buy American Act 200 V. Labor Standards 204 VI. Environmental Laws 212 VII. Employee Safety and the Occupational Safety and Health Act 214 Appendix 5A: SBA Program Requirements for Joint Ventures and Subcontracting 219 6 Government Contract Interpretation 221 I. Importance of Contract Interpretation 221 II. Goal of Contract Interpretation 221 III. Circumstances Surrounding Contract Interpretation 225 IV. Resolving Ambiguities 230 V. Allocation of Risks and Obligations 234 VI. Standard FAR Clauses Affecting Allocation of Risks and Contract Interpretation 244 VII. Interpretation of Subcontracts under Federal Contracts 247 Appendix 6A: Sample Table of FAR Clauses with Flow-down Requirements 251 7 Differing Site Conditions 255 I. Historical Overview 255 II. Federal Government Contract Clause 257 III. Recovery for a Type I Changed Condition 259 IV. Recovery for a Type II Changed Condition 262 V. Other Conditions: Weather and Quantity Variations 265 VI. Factors Affecting Recovery 268 Appendix 7A: Site Investigation Checklist 278 8 Contract Changes 281 I Purpose of the Changes Clause 281 II. FAR Changes Clause 283 III. Authority to Issue Changes 290 IV. Express Changes: Bilateral and Unilateral 295 V. Constructive Changes 299 VI. Cardinal Changes 306 VII. Value Engineering Changes 309 VIII. Prerequisites to Recovery 312 IX. Novations 322 Appendix 8A: Value Engineering-Construction (Sept. 2006) 324 9 Delays, Suspension, and Acceleration 329 I. Types of Delay: Basic Principles 329 II. Causes of Excusable Delay 333 III. Causes of Compensable Delay 336 IV. Scheduling and Delays 341 V. Right to Complete Early 343 VI. Concurrent Delay 345 VII. Suspension of Work 346 VIII. Time Extensions 350 IX. Relationship of Delay Remedies under the Suspension of Work and Changes Clauses 355 X. Acceleration 356 Appendix 9A: Suspension of Work (Apr. 1984) 362 10 Inspection, Acceptance, Commissioning, and Warranties 363 I. FAR Clauses Affecting Inspection and Acceptance 364 II. Contractor Quality Control Systems 366 III. Strict Compliance versus Substantial Compliance 369 IV. Government's Right to Inspect 371 V. Limits on Government's Inspection Rights 372 VI. Cost of Inspection 375 VII. Acceptance 377 VIII. Project Commissioning 382 IX. Warranties 386 Appendix 10A: Use and Possession prior to Completion (Apr. 1984) 391 Appendix 10B: Warranty of Construction (Mar. 1994) 392 Appendix 10C: Whole Building Design Guide 394 Section 01 91 00 (Section 01810)-Commissioning 394 Part 1. General 394 Part 2. Products 399 Part 3. Execution 400 11 Contract Terminations 407 I. Introduction 407 II. Terminations for Default 407 III. Government Damages 427 IV. Terminations for Convenience 438 V. Constructive Terminations 445 VI. Termination Settlements 448 Appendix 11A: Termination for Convenience of the Government (Fixed-Price) (Alternate I) (Sep. 1996) 454 Appendix 11B: Checklist: Potential Default Termination 458 12 Payment and Performance Bonds 463 I. Introduction 463 II. Miller Act Payment Bonds 464 III. Miller Act Performance Bonds 472 Appendix 12A Standard Form 25 -Payment Bond 479 Appendix 12B Standard Form 25-Performance Bond 481 13 Equitable Adjustments and Costs 483 I. Overview 483 II. Equitable Adjustment Theory 485 III. Methods of Pricing Equitable Adjustments and Claims 508 IV. Cost and Pricing Data 513 14 Project Documentation Techniques 523 I Documentation Generally 523 II. Notice Obligations in Government Contracts 524 III. Notice to Representatives/Agents of Contracting Officer 531 IV. Written versus Alternative Forms of Notice 533 V. Failure to Give Notice-Consequences 538 VI. Coordinating Notice Requirements in Subcontracts and Purchase Orders 540 VII. Documentation Recommendations 543 VIII. Documenting with Project Management Software 557 Appendix 14A: Notice Checklist 562 Appendix 14B: Sample (Partial) Notice Checklist: Federal Government Construction Contracts 564 Appendix 14C: Forms 566 15 Contract Claims and Disputes 571 I. Introduction 571 II. The Contract Disputes Act 571 III. Contractor Claims under the CDA 574 IV. Subcontractors and the CDA Claims Process 602 V. Government Claims 605 VI. Contracting Officer's Decision 607 VII. Contract Disputes and Alternative Dispute Resolution 618 VIII. Recovery of Attorneys' Fees in Government Contract Claims 620 Appendix 15A: Sample Freedom of Information Act Letter 624 16 Federal Grants Funding Construction Contracts 627 I. Overview 627 II. Role of Federal Agencies in Grant-Funded Contracting 628 III. Administration and Interpretation of Grant-Funded Contracts 634 17 The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act and Government Construction Projects 643 I. Overview 643 II. Registration and Reporting Requirements 647 III. Buy American Requirements 650 IV. Accountability and Ethics 654 V. Wage-Rate Requirements 657 Appendix A: Internet-Based Resources Applicable to Government Contracting 659 Appendix B: Glossary of Terms and Acronyms 665 Index 673
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