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Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. In 1632, Sigismund III Vasa, the king of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, died. Although the Commonwealth nobility quickly elected Sigismund''s son W adys aw IV Vasa as their new ruler, Poland''s neighbours, expecting delays in the electoral process, tested the Commonwealth''s perceived weakness.Swedish king Gustav II Adolph sent envoys to Russia and the Ottoman Empire to propose an alliance and war against the Commonwealth.The Commonwealth was not ready for war.…mehr

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Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. In 1632, Sigismund III Vasa, the king of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, died. Although the Commonwealth nobility quickly elected Sigismund''s son W adys aw IV Vasa as their new ruler, Poland''s neighbours, expecting delays in the electoral process, tested the Commonwealth''s perceived weakness.Swedish king Gustav II Adolph sent envoys to Russia and the Ottoman Empire to propose an alliance and war against the Commonwealth.The Commonwealth was not ready for war. In 1631, the royal army numbered barely 3,000 men; the Smolensk garrison was about 500 strong, and most garrisons in the border area were composed not of regular or mercenary soldiers but of 100 to 200 local volunteers. Aware that Russia was preparing for war, in the spring of 1632 the Sejm increased the army by recruiting an additional 4,500 men; by mid-1632 the deputy voivode of Smolensk, Samuel Drucki-Sokoli ski, had about 500 volunteers from pospolite ruszenie and 2,500 regular army soldiers and Cossacks.