The book focuses on the role of social protection systems in reducing poverty in natural resource-rich countries, specifically examining the case of Indonesia. The study aims to evaluate the extent to which social protection programs can contribute to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Indonesia. By analysing Goal 1 - Target 3, which emphasizes the implementation of nationally appropriate social protection systems, the researchers aim to provide insights into the effectiveness of social protection measures in addressing poverty and vulnerability in Indonesia. Additionally, the book highlights the need for integrating global development initiatives like the SDGs into Indonesia's social protection strategies to ensure sustainable and equitable outcomes.