The central proposition of the study is to deal with the changing concept of social security and to critically analyze the various social security legislation which have been enacted by the Legislature for the industrial workers in India in the light of the approach of the judiciary adopted from time to time. Change in the approach of the judiciary from time to time, while interpreting the various provisions of the Social Security legislation has been highlighted in this study by discussing the concerned law and efforts have been made to clarify the confusion created by the judicial controversy in this regard .In India, West Bengal itself is larger than many independent states of Europe. So, the problems of a region like West Bengal deserve the researcher's attention in their own right. Hence the present research purposes to undertake an in-depth study of the Social security system as it has evolved in Punjab, bringing within its frame the relevant Central and State Laws in the federal Indian Constitution.