This book is endeavors to take the conceptualization of the relationship between social, economic and environmental issues in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC) Countries. The reasons behind that is the need to understand the principles and practices of socioeconomic analysis in order: (l) to carry out, where appropriate, a socio-economic analysis as an argument for authorization which is responsibility of government the private sector. This requires that ecologists and economists, scientists and regulators understand each other's needs and languages. There is a commitment by Governments to sustainable development, yet economic development continues to degrade the natural resources and pollute the environment. This book tries to examine the fundamental role of governments and private sector in crucial issues of energy and poverty, integrating economic and environmental plans at national level and socio-economic impacts of the links between desertification and climate change.