The sociology of rural territory plays a crucial role due to the diversity of challenges in different rural contexts. Each rural area has unique characteristics, and small farmers face these challenges through specific strategies, such as harnessing social networks, fostering ethno-competitiveness and multi-rationality. Through an exhaustive analysis of the territory, the actors involved and their structures, this book aims to understand the strategic responses of rural social actors, with a special focus on small-scale farmers, who constitute a fundamental pillar in agro-productive systems. A case study focused on a rural setting in Mexico is used to illustrate this dynamic of change in a globalized world.