Therefore, we seek to generate an experience of rational thinking, through teaching-learning, which serves to learn for life, to be, and in this way to get to do. Thus, it is possible to shape a creative, critical and dialogical thinking, which enhances the development of mental, motor and cognitive skills, through a reflective reasoning with others. To contextualize the meaning of the discursive practice of caring for oneself and others in Socrates. To analyze the pedagogical-philosophical process of Pérez-Esclarín that allows socializing learning to think, through his work: Educate to Humanize. And to propose an interpretation of the importance of Socratic thought about the care of oneself and others, for the formation of citizenship in contemporary societies.