Soil fertility depletion and land degradation caused by several anthropogenic factors become major threats to agricultural productivity, food security and environmental quality. For this reason, study and understanding of soil properties and their distribution over an area is crucial for the development of soil management plan for efficient utilization of limited land resources. This book, therefore, provides an in-depth knowledge on the morphological, physical and chemical properties of soils to evaluate fertility status and improve soil productivity in sustainable manner. It also deals with classification of soils using their inherent characteristics that will ease communication and transfer of knowledge among farmers, researchers and soil scientists which in turn very important for transfer of agric-technology .