This manual narrates about how the soil hydrophobicity is formed, distributed and affected soil hydrological functions. Further, it also gives information about its assessment techniques for the problem, classification of soil based on severity of problem, field and lab diagnosis, its repercussion in soils and plants. Additionally, the short term and long term management approach for sustainable crop production is also suggested. This book could enrich the better understanding of soil hydrophobicity to students, farmers and researchers.