Jarice Hanson

Sources: Notable Selections in Mass Media

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

Forty selections on enduring intellectual value - classic articles, book excerpts, and research studies - that have shaped the study of mass media and our contemporary understanding of it. Included are carefully edited selections from the works of the most distinguished observers of the mass media, past and present, from Harold D. Lasswell, Hadley Cantril, and Neil Postman to Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Michael Eric Dyson, and Annette Kuhn.

Produktdetails

• Notable Selections in Mass Med
• Verlag: Dushkin Publishing
• Revised
• Seitenzahl: 400
• Erscheinungstermin: Oktober 1998
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 236mm x 187mm x 23mm
• Gewicht: 748g
• ISBN-13: 9780073031828
• ISBN-10: 0073031828
• Artikelnr.: 21644742

Inhaltsangabe

Part 1. Media Effects CHAPTER 1. The Relationship of Media and Society 1.1.
Harold D. Lasswell, from "The Structure and Function of Communication in
Society," in Lyman Bryson, ed., The Communication of Ideas "A convenient
way to describe an act of communication is to answer the following
questions: Who, Says What, In Which Channel, To Whom, With What Effect?"
1.2. Paul F. Lazarsfeld and Robert K. Merton, from "Mass Communication,
Popular Taste, and Organized Social Action," in Wilbur Schramm and Donald
F. Roberts, eds., The Process and Effects of Mass Communication, rev. ed.
"It is clear that the mass media reach enormous audiences.... Knowledge of
consumption data in the field of mass media remains far from a
demonstration of their net effect upon behavior and attitude and outlook."
1.3. Kurt Lang and Gladys Engel Lang, from "The Mass Media and Voting," in
Eugene Burdick and Arthur J. Brodbeck, eds., American Voting Behavior "The
vagaries of research lead us away from a principal concern with the impact
of press, radio, television, and magazines, but nothing would seem to have
banished our not yet empirically demonstrated beliefs that the mass media
are more influential than we would sometimes wish." 1.4. Elihu Katz, from
"The Two-Step Flow of Communication: An Up-to-Date Report on an
Hypothesis," Public Opinion Quarterly "Given the image of the atomized
audience which characterized so much of mass media research, the surprising
thing is that interpersonal influence attracted the attention of the
researchers at all." 1.5. Jonathan Cohen, from "Parasocial Relations and
Romantic Attraction: Gender and Dating Status Differences," Journal of
Broadcasting and Electronic Media "One of the ways people integrate media
into their social lives is by establishing symbolic, or parasocial,
relationships (PSR) with media characters.... Much research has advanced
our understanding of why and how these relationships develop, but there are
mixed results regarding the ways in which PSR relate to social
relationships." CHAPTER 2. Functionalism, Uses, and Gratifications 2.1.
Charles R. Wright, from Mass Communication: A Sociological Perspective, 3rd
ed. "As a social process, communication is essential to society and to
human survival. Every human society--so-called primitive or modern--depends
on communication to enable its members to live together, to maintain and
modify working arrangements about the social order and social regulation,
and to cope with the environment. Participation in the communication
process establishes a person as a social being and as a functioning member
of society." 2.2. Elihu Katz, Jay G. Blumler, and Michael Gurevitch, from
"Utilization of Mass Communication by the Individual," in Jay G. Blumler
and Elihu Katz, eds., The Uses of Mass Communications "The last few years
have witnessed something of a revival of direct empirical investigations of
audience uses and gratifications, not only in the United States but also in
Britain, Sweden, Finland, Japan, and Israel.... Taken together, they make
operational many of the logical steps that were only implicit in the
earlier work." 2.3. Richard C. Vincent and Michael D. Basil, from "College
Students' News Gratifications, Media Use, and Current Events Knowledge,"
Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media "The objective of the current
study is to explore patterns of use of news media by college students and
the relationship among traditional news gratifications functions." CHAPTER
3. Long-Term Effects: Cultivation 3.1. George Gerbner et al., from "The
`Mainstreaming' of America: Violence Profile No. 11," Journal of
Communication "The `mainstream' can be thought of as a relative commonality
of outlooks that television tends to cultivate. By `mainstreaming' we mean
the sharing of that commonality among heavy viewers in those demographic
groups whose light viewers hold divergent views." 3.2. Michael Morgan, from
"Television and Democracy," in Ian Angus and Sut Jhally, eds., Cultural
Politics in Contemporary America "As mass media become more centralized and
homogeneous, the cultural currents become narrower, more standardized, and
more sharply defined, and mass communication becomes a more effective
mechanism of social control." CHAPTER 4. Communication and the Political
Process 4.1. Maxwell E. McCombs and Donald L. Shaw, from "The
Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media," Public Opinion Quarterly "While the
mass media may have little influence on the direction or intensity of
attitudes, it is hypothesized that the mass media set the agenda for each
political campaign, influencing the salience of attitudes toward the
political issues." 4.2. Kathleen Hall Jamieson, from Packaging the
Presidency: A History and Criticism of Presidential Campaign Advertising,
3rd ed. "Political advertising is now the major means by which candidates
for the presidency communicate their messages to voters." Part 2. The Media
of Communication CHAPTER 5. Media Bias and Sense Extension 5.1. Marshall
McLuhan, from Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man "`The medium is
the message' means, in terms of the electronic age, that a totally new
environment has been created." 5.2. Neil Postman, from Amusing Ourselves to
Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business "Television does not
extend or amplify literate culture. It attacks it. If television is a
continuation of anything, it is of a tradition begun by the telegraph and
photograph in the mid-nineteenth century, not by the printing press in the
fifteenth." 5.3. Joshua Meyrowitz, from No Sense of Place: The Impact of
Electronic Media on Social Behavior "The homogenized information networks
fostered by electronic media offer individuals a comparatively holistic
view of society and a wider field within which to measure their relative
lot." CHAPTER 6. Regulation and Control 6.1. David Easter and Jarice
Hanson, from "Deregulation and the Information Society: Assessing the
Marketplace Philosophy," in Jarice Hanson, ed., Advances in Telematics,
vol. 2 "Since the 1970s, the United States has embraced the theme of
deregulation as a means of opening markets for competition while
restricting government intervention in business affairs. While the free
market philosophy may be better suited to some businesses than others, the
attempt to create a deregulated marketplace in telecommunications has
caused controversy in Congress, federal agencies, communications
industries, and among groups of concerned citizens." 6.2. Robert W.
McChesney, from Corporate Media and the Threat to Democracy "Since 1992
there has been an unprecedented wave of mergers and acquisitions among
media giants, highlighted by the Time Warner purchase of Turner and the
Disney acquisition of Cap Cities/ABC. Fewer than ten colossal vertically
integrated media conglomerates now dominate U.S. media." Part 3. Media as
Popular Art CHAPTER 7. Cultural Products 7.1. Dwight MacDonald, from "A
Theory of Mass Culture," in Bernard Rosenberg and David Manning White,
eds., Mass Culture: The Popular Arts in America "The historical reasons for
the growth of Mass Culture since the early 1800's are well known. Political
democracy and popular education broke down the old upper-class monopoly of
culture." 7.2. John G. Cawelti, from "Popular Culture/Multiculturalism,"
Journal of Popular Culture "To begin with, popular culture and
multiculturalism both claim a more direct relationship with `the people'
than elitist or canonic culture." Part 4. Critical Theory and Mass Media
CHAPTER 8. Mass Media, Power, and Ideology 8.1. Herbert I. Schiller, from
The Mind Managers "By using myths which explain, justify, and sometimes
even glamorize the prevailing conditions of existence, manipulators secure
popular support for a social order that is not in the majority's long-term
real interest." 8.2. Martin A. Lee and Norman Solomon, from Unreliable
Sources: A Guide to Detecting Bias in News Media "Most of the top network
sponsors are powerful multinational corporations.... They exert tremendous
leverage over the media industry because they are its principal source of
revenue." CHAPTER 9. Advertising, Media, and Society 9.1. Stuart Ewen, from
Captains of Consciousness: Advertising and the Social Roots of the Consumer
Culture "Within a society that defined real life in terms of the monotonous
insecurities of mass production, advertising attempted to create an
alternative organization of life which would serve to channel man's desires
for self, for social success, for leisure away from himself and his works,
and toward a commoditized acceptance of `Civilization.'" 9.2. Dallas W.
Smythe, from Dependency Road: Communications, Capitalism, Consciousness,
and Canada "Audience power work for Consciousness Industry produces a
particular kind of human nature or consciousness, focusing its energies on
the consumption of commodities, which Erich Fromm called homo
consumens--people who live and work to perpetuate the capitalist system
built on the commoditization of life." 9.3. Sut Jhally, from "Image-Based
Culture: Advertising and Popular Culture," The World and I "As we head
toward the twenty-first century, advertising is ubiquitous--it is the air
that we breathe as we live our daily lives." Part 5. Media, Culture, and
Society CHAPTER 10. Mass Communication as Cultural Process 10.1. James W.
Carey, from Communication as Culture: Essays on Media and Socie ty
"[C]oommunication is a symbolic process whereby reality is produced,
maintained, repaired, and transformed." 10.2. Raymond Williams, from
Television: Technology and Cultural Form "The most precise and
discriminating local study of `effects' can remain superficial if we have
not looked into the notions of cause and effect, as between a technology
and a society, a technology and a culture, a technology and a psychology,
which underlie our questions and may often determine our answers." CHAPTER
11. Cultural Criticism of Mass Media 11.1. Stanley Aronowitz, from "Working
Class Culture in the Electronic Age," in Ian Angus and Sut Jhally, eds.,
Cultural Politics in Contemporary America "I will show that there are no
longer direct representations of the interactions among workers in American
television, but that these have been refracted through the police shows
that still (in 1988) dominate prime time." 11.2. Rosalind Williams, from
"The Dream World of Mass Consumption," in Chandra Mukerji and Michael
Schudson, eds., Rethinking Popular Culture: Contemporary Perspectives in
Cultural Studies "The exposition of 1900 provides a scale model of the
consumer revolution. The cultural changes working gradually and diffusely
throughout society were there made visible in a concrete and concentrated
way." 11.3. Reebee Garofalo, from Rockin' Out: Popular Music in the USA "In
the eyes of most observers, the emergence of mass culture was accompanied
by a subtle but important shift in orientation from a culture of the people
to a culture for the masses. In this deceptively simple change there was a
profound transformation of meaning." CHAPTER 12. Media, Gender, and Sexual
Identity 12.1. Molly Haskell, from From Reverence to Rape: The Treatment of
Women in the Movies "The big lie perpetrated on Western society is the idea
of women's inferiority, a lie so deeply ingrained in our social behavior
that merely to recognize it is to risk unraveling the entire fabric of
civilization." 12.2. Elayne Rapping, from Media-tions: Forays into the
Culture and Gender Wars "The reemergence of the strong heroine in the 1970s
was not, as is sometimes assumed, a great leap forward, although the `new
woman' was presented differently, reflecting the influence of the newly
visible women's movement, the changes in family life brought about by
feminism, and changes in the economy and women's place in it." 12.3. Larry
Gross, from "Out of the Mainstream: Sexual Minorities and the Mass Media,"
in Ellen Seiter et al., eds., Remote Control: Television, Audiences, and
Cultural Power "Sexual minorities differ in important ways from the
`traditional' racial and ethnic minorities; they are, in an interesting
sense, akin to political minorities (so-called radicals and `fringe'
groups)." CHAPTER 13. Media and Race 13.1. bell hooks, from Outlaw Culture:
Resisting Representations "Manning Marable warns: `There is a tendency to
drain the radical message of a dynamic, living activist into an abstract
icon, to replace radical content with pure image.'" 13.2. Michael Eric
Dyson, from Reflecting Black: African-American Cultural Criticism "As it
became obvious that rap was here to stay, a permanent fixture in black
ghetto youths' musical landscape, the reactions changed from dismissal to
denigration, and rap music came under attack from both black and white
quarters. Is rap really as dangerous as many critics argue? Or are there
redeeming characteristics to rap music that warrant our critical
attention?" Part 6. Media and Globalization CHAPTER 14. Perspectives on
Development 14.1. Everett M. Rogers, from "Communication and Development:
The Passing of the Dominant Paradigm," in Everett M. Rogers, ed.,
Communication and Development: Critical Perspectives "Theoretical writings
about modernization in this period after World War II generally followed an
`individual-blame' logic and may have been overly narrow and ethnocentric
in a cultural sense." 14.2. J. Mart¿Barbero, from Communication, Culture,
and Hegemony: From the Media to Mediations, trans. Elizabeth Fox and Robert
A. White "The fact that Latin America's access to modernization was through
political-economic dependency revealed its processes of `unequal
development,' the basic inequality on which capitalist development rests.
This dependency also revealed the contradictions of its `simultaneous
discontinuities' in which Latin America lives and carries out its
modernization." CHAPTER 15. The Homogenization of Culture 15.1. Anthony
Smith, from "Media Globalism in the Age of Consumer Sovereignty," Gannett
Center Journal "In many countries today--including some in Central
Europe--information media are passing into the hands of non-residents....
Whole sections of the entertainment industry, traditionally part of
national, city, local, regional, or ethnic political and social life and
manners, are passing into the control of managements whose outlook is
exclusively global." 15.2. Ali Mohammadi, from "Cultural Imperialism and
Cultural Identity," in John Downing, Ali Mohammadi, and Annabelle
Sreberny-Mohammadi, eds., Questioning the Media: A Critical Introduction,
2d ed. "What was valuable in the traditional culture was defined,
effectively, as anything that did not impede the growth of Western
capitalist endeavors; what had to change culturally was anything that
interfered with this process."