Preface A Note on Class and Colour in South Africa 1 Sources of Inspiration The Emergence of the African working class Religious influences: the early Christian converts and independent chruches The African press Political organization 2 The Formation of the African National Congress (ANC) 8 January 1912 The early years (1912-19) African nationalism and socialism 3 The ANC and Workers' Organizations (191-28) The Rise and fall of the Industrial and Commercial Workers' Union (ICU) The ANC and the Communist Party (CP) (1921-28) 4 Fundamental Changes (1930-49) The All-African Convention (AAC) Resurrection of the ANC The African Claims 1943 Massive Indian resistance (1946-49) Workers set the pace: the great mineworkers' strike of 1946 The formation of the ANC Youth League (1943-49) 5 Defiance and New Strategies (1949-60) The Defiance Campaign The Freedom Charter The Treason Trial Mass direct action The emergence of the Pan African Congress (PAC) (1959-60) The turning point (1960-61) 6 Armed Resistance and ANC Strategy (1961-69) The formation of Umkhonto we Sizwe Mandela's tour of Africa The Lobatse Conference of 1962 The Rivonia Trial The ANC after Rivonia The 1969 Morogoro Conference 7 The Re-emergence of the ANC (1969-85) Steve Biko and the Black Consciouness Movement (BCM) Workers' action The Swoeto uprising The Chruches The ANC: consolidation and further advance (1975-85) Their nightmares are our dreams Appendixes Presidents-General of the ANC Secretaries-General of the ANC The Freedom Center Manifesto of Umkhonto we Sizwe Chronology: Important Dates in South African History References Select Bibliography Index
Preface A Note on Class and Colour in South Africa 1 Sources of Inspiration The Emergence of the African working class Religious influences: the early Christian converts and independent chruches The African press Political organization 2 The Formation of the African National Congress (ANC) 8 January 1912 The early years (1912-19) African nationalism and socialism 3 The ANC and Workers' Organizations (191-28) The Rise and fall of the Industrial and Commercial Workers' Union (ICU) The ANC and the Communist Party (CP) (1921-28) 4 Fundamental Changes (1930-49) The All-African Convention (AAC) Resurrection of the ANC The African Claims 1943 Massive Indian resistance (1946-49) Workers set the pace: the great mineworkers' strike of 1946 The formation of the ANC Youth League (1943-49) 5 Defiance and New Strategies (1949-60) The Defiance Campaign The Freedom Charter The Treason Trial Mass direct action The emergence of the Pan African Congress (PAC) (1959-60) The turning point (1960-61) 6 Armed Resistance and ANC Strategy (1961-69) The formation of Umkhonto we Sizwe Mandela's tour of Africa The Lobatse Conference of 1962 The Rivonia Trial The ANC after Rivonia The 1969 Morogoro Conference 7 The Re-emergence of the ANC (1969-85) Steve Biko and the Black Consciouness Movement (BCM) Workers' action The Swoeto uprising The Chruches The ANC: consolidation and further advance (1975-85) Their nightmares are our dreams Appendixes Presidents-General of the ANC Secretaries-General of the ANC The Freedom Center Manifesto of Umkhonto we Sizwe Chronology: Important Dates in South African History References Select Bibliography Index
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