This book offers a discussion of three major statistical techniques for the detection of brain activity as displayed in human functional magnetic resonance images (fMRIs). Conventionally most detection techniques utilise separate spatial and temporal domain analyses, however, the research presented in this text provides a unique combination of the two domains. The three statistical techniques presented are statistical parameter maps, spatio-temporal decomposition and resting brain analysis. The spatio-temporal decomposition method introduced in this book is a major contribution to the field. It extends the principle component analysis to detect brain activities from experiments involving single-stimulus, multi-stimuli and the resting brain. This work is important for those involved in the practical applications relating to cognitive brain function in the areas of education, neuroscience and medicine. The statistical analysis techniques have the potential to be adopted in the fields such as radar and sonar signal processing and statistics.