Douglas M. Fraleigh, Joseph S. Tuman

Speak Up!

An Illustrated Guide to Public Speaking

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

"Written by professors with 40+ combined years' experience teaching the course and a competitive background in debate, Speak Up! connects with students through lively writing, compelling real-life examples, practical guidance, and hundreds of custom-drawn illustrations that bring public speaking concepts to life. Instructors will appreciate the book's serious coverage of concepts and theories, fascinating examples, and unique and often humorous illustrations that help students understand and retain concepts from the text. This edition features new illustrations, in full color for the first time; an increased focus on civic engagement throughout; and an all-new version of our Speech Choices case study feature that leads students through all steps of the public speaking process. Video of that student's final, full-length speech appears in LaunchPad, a comprehensive digital resource to accompany the book, alongside additional speech videos, a new video assessment program powered by GoReact, an adaptive quizzing program, and more"--Amazon.com.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Macmillan Learning
• Fifth Edition
• Seitenzahl: 688
• Erscheinungstermin: 17. September 2019
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 238mm x 162mm x 21mm
• Gewicht: 888g
• ISBN-13: 9781319208127
• ISBN-10: 1319208126
• Artikelnr.: 65330975

Autorenporträt

Douglas Fraleigh; Joseph Tuman

Inhaltsangabe

Brief Contents Preface THE BASICS OF PUBLIC SPEAKING 1. INTRODUCING PUBLIC SPEAKING What Is Public Speaking? Why Study Public Speaking? Using Public Speaking as a Student Video 1.1: "Gender-Based Responses in Sports Chatrooms" Using Public Speaking in Your Career Using Public Speaking in Your Community Public Speaking: A Great Tradition Public Speaking: A Dynamic Discipline From Linear to Transactional: Evolving Views of the Public Speaking Process New Technologies, New Channels Awareness of Audiences' Cultural Diversity Video 1.2: "Humanity 4 Haitian Development" Emphasis on Critical Thinking A Focus on Free, Engaged, and Ethical Communication Chapter Review 2. DEVELOPING YOUR FIRST SPEECH Why Prepare? The Classical Approach to Speech Preparation Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech Analyze Your Audience Select Your Topic Determine Your Speech's Rhetorical Purpose Create a Thesis Statement Determine Your Main Points Video 2.1: "Previews, Transitions, and Summaries" Develop Supporting Materials Organize and Outline the Body of Your Speech Outline Your Introduction and Conclusion Key Term: Introduction Key Term: Conclusion Incorporate Transitions Key Term: Transition Consider Your Word Choice Consider Presentation Aids Practice Your Speech Key Term: Extemporaneous Delivery Video 2.2: "Lui, Preventing Cyberbullying" Deliver Your Speech Video 2.3: "Gentz, My Hero, Marilyn Hamilton" Overcoming Speech Anxiety Prepare Early and Follow a Plan Practice Your Speech Take Care of Yourself Visualize Success Use Relaxation Techniques Check Out Some Apps Volunteer to Speak First Never Defeat Yourself Chapter Review Video 2.4: "Garza, How to Buy a Guitar" 3. SPEECH ETHICS Codes of Ethics: Absolute, Situational, and Culturally Relative Legal Speech vs. Ethical Speech Communicating Truthfully Lying Half-Truths False Inference Acknowledging the Work of Others Video 3.1: "Citing Sources (Statistics and Testimony)" Quoting from a Source Video 3.2: "Citing Someone Else's Idea" Paraphrasing the Work of Others Key Term: Paraphrasing Common Knowledge Using Sound Reasoning Being an Ethical Listener Show Courtesy Demonstrate an Open Mind Hold the Speaker Accountable Chapter Review 4. LISTENING SKILLS The Listening Process Listening vs. Hearing Processing What You've Heard Retaining What You've Processed Listening Styles The Culprits behind Poor Listening Unprocessed Note Taking Nonlistening Interruptive Listening Agenda-Driven Listening Argumentative Listening Nervous Listening Becoming a Better Listener Filter Out Distractions Focus on the Speaker Show That You Are Paying Attention Maximizing Your Audience's Listening Anticipate Ineffective Listening before Your Speech Encourage Active Listening during Your Speech Listening When You Are in the Audience Chapter Review 5. AUDIENCE ANALYSIS Understanding Situational Characteristics Size Time Location Mobility Incorporating Demographics Key Term Video: Demographics Age Video 5.1: "Poplin, The Importance of Community Service and Civic Engagement" Gender Composition Video 5.2: "Singh, The Importance of Playing Sports Has Grown over Time" Sexual Orientation Race and Ethnicity Religious Orientation Socioeconomic Background Political Affiliation Putting the Demographic Pieces Together Seeking Common Ground Video 5.3: "Kim, The Non-monetary Use of Gold" Identifying Prior Exposure Identifying Audience Disposition Gathering Information about Your Audience Surveying Your Audience Interviewing Your Audience Considering and Observing Your Audience Situational Audience Analysis Chapter Review 6. SELECTING YOUR TOPIC Developing a Set of Potential Topics Research Brainstorming Word Association Mind Mapping Selecting the Best Topic Consider the Assignment Consider Your Audience Consider Your Knowledge and Interests Video 6.1 "Humanity 4 Haitian Development" Consider the Speech Context Choose a Topic and Stick with It Refining Your Topic Decide Your Rhetorical Purpose Narrow Your Topic Video 6.2: "Overused Topic (Needs Improvement)" Drafting Your Specific Purpose Drafting Your Thesis Statement Key Term: Thesis Statement Video 6.3: "Thesis Statement" and "Thesis Statement: Needs Focus (Needs Improvement)" Chapter Review Video 6.4: "Gentz, My Hero, Marilyn Hamilton" 7. RESEARCHING YOUR SPEECH Research Is Essential Video 7.1: "Roth, Emergency in the Emergency Room" Research Works Best When You Have a Plan Inventory Your Research Needs Find the Sources You Need Keep Track of Your Sources Key Term Video: Citation Evaluating a Source's Credibility Expertise Objectivity Observational Capacity Recency Video 7.2: "Citing Sources (Statistics and Testimony)" Conducting Library Research Books Periodicals Newspapers Reference Works Government Documents Using the Internet Benefits of Internet Research Disadvantages of Internet Research Evaluating the Credibility of Online Sources Credibility of Social Media Searching the World Wide Web Interviewing Sources Prepare for Your Interview Set Up Your Interview Plan Your Interview Questions Conduct the Interview Evaluate Your Notes Presenting Evidence in Your Speeches Clearly Cite Your Source Present the Information Accurately Key Term Video: Paraphrase Video 7.3: "Citing Sources (Statistics)" Chapter Review Video 7.4: "Kruckenberg, John Kanzius and the Quest to Cure Cancer" 8. USING SUPPORTING MATERIALS FOR YOUR SPEECH Key Term: Supporting Materials Why Use Supporting Materials? Building Audience Interest Enhancing Audience Understanding Strengthening Audience Memory Winning Audience Agreement Evoking Audience Emotion Types of Supporting Materials Examples Key Term: Example Definitions Testimony Key Term: Testimony
Video 8.1: "Royzpal, Litter"
Statistics Key Term: Statistic Video 8.2: "Citing Sources (Statistics and Facts)"
Narratives Key Term: Narrative Analogies Key Term: Analogy
Guidelines for Using Supporting Materials Choose the Most Credible Proof Use a Variety of Supporting Materials Appeal to Different Learning Styles Avoid Long Lists Consider Your Audience Video 8.3: "Examples (Humorous)" Respect the Available Time Chapter Review Video 8.4: "Kim, The Nonmonetary Uses of Gold" 9. ORGANIZING YOUR SPEECH Selecting Your Main Points Consider Your Purpose Take Your Audience into Account Select an Appropriate Number of Main Points Organizing Your Supporting Materials Subordination and Coordination Video 9.1: "Without Liberty and Justice for All" When a Subpoint Doesn't Fit Arranging Your Main Points Spatial Pattern Key Term: Spatial Pattern Chronological (Temporal) Pattern Key Term: Chronological (Temporal) Pattern Causal Pattern Key Term: Causal Pattern Comparison Pattern Categorical (Topical) Pattern Key Term: Categorical (Topical) Pattern Video 9.2: "Singh, The Importance of Playing Sports Has Grown over Time" Persuasive Speech Patterns Using Organizing Words, Phrases, and Sentences Transitions Key Term: Transition Video 9.3: "Patterns of Arrangement: Causal" Signposts Internal Previews and Internal Summaries Chapter Review Video Activity 9.4: "List, Gender-Based Responses in Sports Chat Rooms" 10. INTRODUCTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS Introducing Your Speech Gain Your Audience's Attention Key Term: Attention-Getter Key Term: Rhetorical Question Video 10.1: "Anecdote (Personal) in an Informative Introduction" Signal Your Thesis Show Your Audience What's in It for Them Establish Your Credibility Preview Your Main Points Key Term: Preview Video 10.2: "Attention-Getter, Support, Creative Preview" Concluding Your Speech Transition to Your Conclusion Summarize Your Main Points Finish with a Memorable Clincher Key Term: Clincher Video 10.3: "Clincher: Evokes Response" Chapter Review Video Activity 10.4: "Full Introduction: Attention-Getter, Thesis, and Preview" and "Full Conclusion" 11. OUTLINING YOUR SPEECH Two Stages of Outlining The Detailed Outline The Speaking Outline Key Term: Extemporaneous Delivery Creating Your Detailed Outline Outlining the Body of Your Speech Key Term: Transition Video 11.1: "Roth, Emergency in the Emergency Room" Outlining Your Introduction Key Term: Introduction Outlining Your Conclusion Key Term: Conclusion Video 11.2: "Without Liberty and Justice for All" Creating a List of References Inserting the Title, Specific Purpose, and Thesis A Sample Detailed Outline Creating Your Speaking Outline Elements of Your Speaking Outline Video 11.3: "Rate: Too Fast (Needs Improvement)" The Medium for Your Speaking Outline A Sample Speaking Outline Chapter Review Video 11.4 "DuBoise, Central Texas Coalition against Human Trafficking" 12. LANGUAGE AND STYLE The Importance of Language and Word Choice
Differences between Oral and Written Language
Denotative and Connotative Meaning
Denotative Meaning
Connotative Meaning
Presenting Your Message Clearly
Understandable Language
Concrete Words
Proper Use of Words
Concise Language
Expressing Your Ideas Effectively
Repetition
Hypothetical Examples
Personal Anecdotes
Vivid Language
Video 12.1: "Roth, Emergency in the Emergency Room" Figurative Language
Key Term: Figurative Language
Key Term: Antithesis
Key Term: Simile
Key Term: Metaphor
Video 12.2: "Gender-Based Responses in Sports Chatrooms" (simile)
Video 12.3: "Gender-Based Responses in Sports Chatrooms" (metaphor) Choosing Respectful and Unbiased Language
Avoid Stereotypes
Use Gender-Neutral References
Make Appropriate References to Ethnic Groups
Steer Clear of Unnecessary References to Ethnicity, Religion, Gender, or Sexuality
A Note on Appropriate Language and Political Correctness
Chapter Review 13. DELIVERING YOUR SPEECH Key Term: Delivery Selecting the Right Mode of Delivery Reading from a Manuscript Memorizing from a Manuscript Speaking from an Outline Impromptu Speaking Key Term: Impromptu Delivery Using Verbal Delivery Skills Volume Key Term: Volume Tone Rate of Delivery Key Term: Rate of Delivery Video 13.1: "Rate Too Fast (Needs Improvement)" Projection Articulation Pronunciation Key Term: Pronunciation Pausing Key Term: Verbal Filler Using Nonverbal Delivery Skills Eye Contact Key Term: Eye Contact Gestures Key Term: Gesture Video 13.2: "Gestures: Overly Scripted (Needs Improvement)" Physical Movement Key Term: Physical Movement Proxemics Personal Appearance Key Term: Personal Appearance Chapter Review 14. USING PRESENTATION AIDS Why Use Presentation Aids?
Presentation Aids Can Make Your Speech More Interesting
Presentation Aids Can Simplify a Complex Topic
Presentation Aids Can Help Your Audience Remember Your Speech
Types of Presentation Aids
The Speaker
Assistants
Objects
Visual Images
Graphs
Text-Based Visuals
Audio and Video
Using Technology Wisely
Using Presentation Software
Key Term: Presentation Software
Using Other Technology
Guidelines for Developing Presentation Aids
Consider the Forum
Consider Your Audience
Make Sure Your Aids Support Your Points
Keep Your Aids Simple and Clear
Rehearse with Your Presentation Aids
Video 14.1: "Presentation Software: Checking Beforehand (Needs Improvement)" Using Presentation Aids during Your Speech Make Sure Everyone Can See and Hear Your Aids Control Audience Interaction with Your Aids Maintain Eye Contact Video 14.2: "Presentation Software (Needs Improvement)" Remember the Purpose of Your Aids Chapter Review 15. MEDIATED PUBLIC SPEAKING The Rise of Mediated Communication
The Expansion of Mediated Public Speaking
Prerecorded and Real-Time Presentations
Advantages of Mediated Presentations
General Advantages
Advantages of Prerecorded Speeches
Advantages of Real-Time Technologies
Video 15.1: "McAlister, Arsenic in Our Water Supply"
Challenges of Mediated Presentations
Loss of Naturalness Loss of Immediacy Decreased Nonverbal Communication Diminished Feedback Difficulty Managing Distractions Technological Difficulties Optimizing Delivery and Messages in Mediated Presentations
Delivery Considerations
Message Adaptations
Practicing Delivery and Recording
Recording Your Classroom Speech
Camerä
Setting and Background
Video 15.2: "Attention-Getter (Needs Improvement)"
Attire
Camera Positioning
Video 15.3: "Fallacy: Red Herring (Needs Improvement)" Special Considerations for Real-Time Presentations
Practicing with Your Equipment to Make Sure It Works
Selecting a Robust Internet Connection
Using Group Chat/Video and Screen Sharing
Creating Opportunities for Audience Interaction
Soliciting Feedback through an Alternative Medium
Chapter Review
Video Activity 15.4: "Gentz, My Hero, Marilyn Hamilton" 16. INFORMATIVE SPEAKING Techniques for Informing
Definition
Key Term: Definition
Explanation
Key Term: Explanation
Description
Key Term: Description
Demonstration
Key Term: Demonstration
Video 16.1: "Garza, How to Buy a Guitar"
Narrative
Key Term: Narrative
Video 16.2: "Conveying Information: Narrative (Needs Improvement)"
Types of Informative Speeches
Objects
Individuals or Groups
Events
Processes
Video 16.3: "Conveying Information: Description"
Ideas
Developing Your Informative Speech
Analyzing Your Audience
Key Term: Demographics
Selecting a Technique
Focusing on Your Goal to Inform
Clarifying and Simplifying Your Message
Sample Informative Speech
Rachel Parish, Spider Silk: A Miracle Material Derived from . . . Goats?
Chapter Review 17. PERSUASIVE SPEAKING The Nature of a Persuasive Speech
Persuasive Speeches Attempt to Influence Audience Members
Persuasive Speeches Advocate Fact, Value, or Policy Claims
Key Term: Fact Claim
Key Term: Policy Claim
Video 17.1: "Claims: Policy" and "Claims: Fact"
The Nature of Persuasion
Two Paths to Persuasion
The Importance of Central Route Processing
Which Route Will Audience Members Follow?
Tailoring Your Persuasive Message to the Audience
Adapting to Audience Disposition
Appealing to Your Audience's Needs
Connecting to Your Listeners' Values
Accounting for Audience Beliefs
Focusing on Peripheral Beliefs
Demonstrating How Your Audience Benefits
Acknowledging Listeners' Reservations
Ethical Persuasion
Help Your Audience Make an Informed Decision
Research Your Facts
Note Any Biases
Attribute Your Research Properly
Organizing Your Persuasive Speech
Organizing Fact Claims
Organizing Value Claims
Organizing Policy Claims
Key Term: Motivated Sequence
Video 17.2: "Patterns of Arrangement, Monroe's Motivated Sequence"
Key Term: Problem-Cause-Solution Pattern
Chapter Review
Video Activity 17.3: "Martinez, Extra Credit You Can Live Without" 18. METHODS OF PERSUASION Ethos: Your Credibility as a Speaker
Understanding the Elements of Credibility
Building Your Credibility
Avoiding Loss of Your Credibility
Logos: The Evidence and Reasoning behind Your Message
Key Term: Logos
Using Evidence
Using Reasoning
Key Term: Inductive Reasoning
Video 18.1: "Reasoning: Inductive"
Avoiding Logical Fallacies
Key Term: Hasty Generalization
Key Term: Ad Populum (Bandwagon) Fallacy
Key Term: Ad Hominem (Personal Attack) Fallacy
Key Term: Slippery Slope Fallacy
Key Term: False Dilemma Fallacy
Video 18.2: "Fallacy: Either-Or (False Dilemma): Diplomacy vs. WWIII (Needs Improvement)"
Pathos: Evoking Your Listeners' Emotions
Key Term: Pathos
Using Emotional Appeals
Video 18.3: "Claims: Fact (Appeals to Emotion and Credibility)"
Ensuring Ethical Use of Pathos
Sample Persuasive Speech
Anna Martinez, Extra Credit You Can Live Without
Chapter Review
Video 18.4: "Morales, Without Liberty and Justice for All" 19. SPECIAL-OCCASION SPEAKING Types of Special-Occasion Speeches
General Guidelines for Special-Occasion Speeches
Appealing to Your Audience's Emotions
Video 19.1: "Gentz, My Hero, Marilyn Hamilton"
Matching Your Delivery to the Mood of the Occasion
Adapting to Your Audience's Expectations
Evoking Shared Values
Video 19.2: "Language, Delivery, and Special-Occasion Speeches"
Respecting Time Constraints
Strategies for Each Type of Special-Occasion Speech
Strategies for Speeches of Introduction
Strategies for Speeches of Presentation
Strategies for Speeches of Acceptance
Strategies for Speeches to Memorialize or Eulogize
Strategies for Speeches to Celebrate
Strategies for After-Dinner Speeches
Sample Special-Occasion Speech
Joseph Tuman, Swearing-In Ceremony for New U.S. Citizens
Chapter Review 20. GROUP COMMUNICATION Effective Group Leadership
Selecting a Leader
Leading Meetings
Managing Conflict
Effective Group Membership
Three Types of Member Roles
Tips for Participating in a Small Group
Group Decision Making and the Reflective-Thinking Process
Define the Problem
Analyze the Problem
Establish Criteria for Solving the Problem
Generate Possible Solutions
Select the Best Solution
Delivering Group Presentations
Symposium
Panel Discussion
Single Group Representative
Chapter Review 21. CIVIC ENGAGEMENT
Civic Engagement and Its Importance to Society How Civic Engagement Benefits You Forums and Venues for Civic Engagement Applying Public Speaking Skills to Civic Engagement Invention Audience Analysis Organization Language and Style Chapter Review APPENDIX A: SPEECH CHOICES OUTLINE AND FULL-LENGTH SPEECH How Emigrants Use Smartphones: Speech Outline How Emigrants Use Smartphones: Full-Length Speech Why Student Athletes Should Be Paid: Speech Outline Student Athletes Should Be Paid: Full-Length Speech
APPENDIX B: ADDITIONAL SAMPLE SPEECHES
Sample Special Occasion Speech John McCain, Liberty Medal Ceremony Sample Persuasive Speech David Kruckenberg, Child Slavery and the Production of Chocolate Sample Persuasive Speech Michelle Bachelet, Reclaiming Public Spaces for the Empowerment of Women and Girls Notes Glossary Index