Protagoras said that man is the measure of all things existing and non-existing. This is the starting point of anthropocentrism in philosophy. It is possible to know the world by cognizing the inner world of man and the world of his senses. Aristotle used the concept of anthropology as a field of knowledge that studies the spiritual side of human nature. The closest to the Aristotelian interpretation is religious and philosophical anthropology, which studies man as a special kind of spiritual being.Research in spiritual anthropology, which combines religious and philosophical teachings, as well as psychohistory, puts emphasis on the inner world of man and the inner essence of human history related to this inner worldThe collection may be useful to philosophers, anthropologists, psychologists, historians, methodologists, and all thinking people interested in the life and prognosis of our civilization.