The aim of this book is to describe and empirically test the influence of the financial stability approximated by the rate of inflation on economic growth in the long run. The purpose of the overview of the literature is to identify the main theoretical aspects that explain the role of the inflation rate on consumer behavior and their propensity to save. The empirical part will focus on the analysis of time series describing economic growth and the inflation rate to discover patterns and common trends. It will be studied a sample of five countries developed in recent decades to determine the long-term trends and the hypothesized relationships. The discussion and conclusions will focus on critical evaluation of the results, especially in relation to equality of other assumed conditions and the heterogeneity of countries determined by significant differences in their institutional framework.