For Russia the problems of formation of an effective, rational state support of agriculture are relevant for internal and external economic factors: membership in the WTO, the transition to the common free market zone and subsequently, to the Eurasian Economic Union; global changes in the situation on the world food market, the increase of population in the world and growth of demand in the food supply; the increased activity of Russian agricultural producers on world markets of grain products; critical analysis of tools and the effectiveness of economic policy. Government support of agriculture in conditions of WTO membership should become a priority in economic policy. The main subject of the Scientific collective monograph consists in showing positive course of Russian agriculture over the last years-entering the global market.