Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Stefan Czarniecki was born in 1599 in the family estate of Czarnca by W oszczowa in southern Poland in an impoverished szlachta (nobility) family. He learned the art of war serving with the Lisowczycy mercenaries in 1610s. Already an officer at the age of eighteen, he took part in the battle of Chocim (Khotyn) in 1621, where the Commonwealth army stopped the Ottomans and ended the Polish-Ottoman War (1620 1621). Later he served under hetman Stanis aw Koniecpolski in the campaigns against the Tatars in 1624 (battle of Martynów), and later against Gustavus Adolphus (1626 1629) (part of the Polish-Swedish War), and under W adys aw IV in the Smolensk War against Muscovy in 1632 1634. In 1637 he fought against the rebellious Cossacks under Pavel Mikhnovych (battle of Kumejki). In 1644 under Koniecpolski he took part in the battle of Ochmatów where Commonwealth forces dealt a crushing defeat to To ay bey''s (Tuhaj Bej) Tatars.
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