The goal of modern dentistry is to functionally and cosmetically restore the tooth structure. One novel approach to restore the tooth structure is based on regenerative procedures by the application of tissue engineering. Identification of adult stem cells has thrown a light on regenerative dentistry and has provided insight to replace damaged structures.Stem cells have the remarkable potential to develop into many different cell types in the body. They serve as a repair system for the body. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential to either remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function such as a muscle cell, red blood cell, or brain cell.