Presenting a comprehensive overview of the fire resistance of building structures, this key text brings together a large volume of material from many sources on this increasingly important topic. Opening with the fundamentals of fires and fire safety, the book gives an introduction to real fire exposure and the response of strutures to such fires, outlining the important contribution of structural fire resistance to overall fire safety. Methods of calculating fire severity and achieving fire resistance are described, including fire performance of the main structural materials including…mehr
Presenting a comprehensive overview of the fire resistance of building structures, this key text brings together a large volume of material from many sources on this increasingly important topic. Opening with the fundamentals of fires and fire safety, the book gives an introduction to real fire exposure and the response of strutures to such fires, outlining the important contribution of structural fire resistance to overall fire safety. Methods of calculating fire severity and achieving fire resistance are described, including fire performance of the main structural materials including structural steel, reinforced concrete and timber construction. Particularly valuable elements of the book are its design sections (incorporating international methods), where the arlier material is synthesised and recommendations are rmade for rational design of building structures exposed to fires. Structural Design for Fire Safety provides expert guidance on: * interpreting code requirements for fire safety * understanding the concepts of fire severity and fire resistance * estimating time-temperature curves for fully developed compartment fires * understanding the behaviour of structural elements and buildings exposed to fires * designing steel, concrete and timber structures to resist fire exposure * assessing the fire performance of existing structures In addition, the book includes valuable calculations and worked examples, unavailable elsewhere. This is an essential book for structural engineers who wish to improve their understanding of buildings exposed to severe fires. It is also an ideal textbook for introductory courses in fire safety for a civil or structural engineering degree programme, and is vital reading for final year students in fire protection and fire safety engineering. Furthermore, it successfully bridges the information gap between fire safety engineers, structural engineers and building inspectors, and will be of significant interest to architects, code officials, building designers and firefighters.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Andrew H. Buchanan, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
Inhaltsangabe
Preface
Notation
Introduction
Fire Safety in Buildings
Overview
FireSafety Objectives
Process of Fire Development
Conceptual Framework for Fire Safety
Fire Resistance
Controlling Fire Spread
Building Construction for Fire Safety
Fire and Heat
Overview
Fuels
Combustion
Fire Initiation
Burning Objects
t-squared Fires
Pre-flashover Design Fires
Heat Transfer
Room Fires
Overview
Pre-flashover fires
Flashover
Post-flashover Fires
Design Fires
Other Factors
Fire Severity
Overview
Fire Severity and Fire Resistance
Fire Severity
Standard Fire
Equivalent Fire Severity
Fire Resistance
Overview
Fire Resistance
Assessing Fire Resistance
Fire-resistance Tests
Approved Fire-resistance Ratings
Fire Resistance by Calculation
Fire Resistance of Assemblies
Design of Structures Exposed to Fire
Overview
Structural Design at Normal Temperatures
Structural Design in Fire Conditions
Material Properties in Fire
Design of Individual Members Exposed to Fire
Design of Structural Assemblies Exposed to Fire
Steel Structures
Overview
Behaviour of Steel Structures in Fire
Fire-resistance Ratings
Steel Temperatures
Protection Systems
Mechanical Properties of Steel at Elevated Temperature
Design of Steel Members Exposed to Fire
Design of Steel Buildings Exposed to Fire
Concrete Structures
Overview
Behaviour of Concrete Structures in Fire
Fire-resistance Ratings
Concrete and Reinforcing Temperatures
Mechanical Properties of Concrete at Elevated Temperatures
Design of Concrete Members Exposed to Fire
Composite Steel-Concrete Construction Exposed to Fire
Timber Structures
Overview
Description of Timber Construction
Fire-resistance Ratings
Wood Temperatures
Mechanical Properties of Wood
Design Concepts for Heavy Timber Exposed to Fire
Design of Heavy Timber Members Exposed to Fire
Behaviour of Timber Connections in Fire
Light Frame Construction
Overview
Description
Fire Behaviours
Fire-resistance Ratings
Properties of Gypsum Plaster Board
Temperatures Within Light Frame Assemblies
Structural Behaviour
Design of Light Frame Structures in Fire
Construction Details
Lightweight Sandwich Panels
Design Recommendations
Overview
Summary of Main Points
Summary for Main Materials
Thermal Analysis
Conclusions
Appendix A Units and conversion factors
Appendix B Fire load energy densities
Appendix C Section property tables for steel beams
Appendix D Generic fire-resistance ratings for reinforcedconcrete
References
Index
Preface xv List of Notations xvi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Objective and Target Audience 1 1.2 Fire Safety 2 1.3 Performance?]based Design 2 1.4 Structural Fire Engineering 5 1.5 Purpose of this Book 5 1.6 Units 6 1.7 Organization of Chapters 6 2 Fire Safety in Buildings 8 2.1 Fire Safety Objectives 8 2.2 Process of Fire Development 9 2.3 Conceptual Framework for Fire Safety 13 2.4 Fire Resistance 17 2.5 Controlling Fire Spread 22 2.6 Building Construction for Fire Safety 29 2.7 Assessment and Repair of Fire Damage 31 3 Fires and Heat 35 3.1 Fires in General 35 3.2 Combustion 37 3.3 Fire Initiation 39 3.4 Pre?]flashover Fires 40 3.5 Flashover 48 3.6 Post?]flashover Fires 49 3.7 Design Fires 60 3.8 Other Factors 66 3.9 Heat Transfer 69 3.10 Worked Examples 75 4 Fire Severity and Fire Resistance 84 4.1 Providing Fire Resistance 84 4.2 Fire Severity 89 4.3 Equivalent Fire Severity 90 4.4 Fire Resistance 95 4.5 Fire Resistance Tests 96 4.6 Specifying Fire Resistance 103 4.7 Fire Resistance of Assemblies 107 4.8 Worked Examples 113 5 Design of Structures Exposed to Fire 115 5.1 Structural Design at Normal Temperatures 115 5.2 Loads 116 5.3 Structural Design in Fire Conditions 122 5.4 Material Properties in Fire 126 5.5 Design of Individual Members Exposed to Fire 130 5.6 Design of Structural Assemblies Exposed to Fire 135 5.7 Worked Examples 149 6 Steel Structures 154 6.1 Behaviour of Steel Structures in Fire 154 6.2 Steel Temperature Prediction 157 6.3 Protection Systems 166 6.4 Mechanical Properties of Steel at Elevated Temperature 171 6.5 Design of Steel Members Exposed to Fire 179 6.6 Bolted and Welded Connections 187 6.7 Cast?]iron Members 188 6.8 Design of Steel Buildings Exposed to Fire 188 6.9 Worked Examples 188 7 Concrete Structures 195 7.1 Behaviour of Concrete Structures in Fire 195 7.2 Concrete Materials in Fire 196 7.3 Spalling of Cover Concrete 201 7.4 Concrete and Steel Reinforcing Temperatures 202 7.5 Mechanical Properties of Concrete at Elevated Temperatures 207 7.6 Design of Concrete Members Exposed to Fire 213 7.7 Worked Examples 224 8 Composite Structures 234 8.1 Fire Resistance of Composite Elements 234 8.2 Assessing Fire Resistance 237 8.3 Behaviour and Design of Individual Composite Members in Fire 238 8.4 Design of Steel and Composite Buildings Exposed to Fire 248 8.5 Worked Example 255 9 Timber Structures 257 9.1 Description of Timber Construction 257 9.2 Wood Temperatures 261 9.3 Mechanical Properties of Wood 264 9.4 Charring Rate 273 9.5 Design for Fire Resistance of Heavy Timber Members 280 9.6 Timber Connections in Fire 290 9.7 Worked Examples 297 10 Light Frame Construction 301 10.1 Summary of Light Frame Construction 301 10.2 Gypsum Plaster Board 304 10.3 Fire Behaviour 309 10.4 Fire Resistance Ratings 311 10.5 Design for Separating Function 314 10.6 Design for Load?]bearing Capacity 318 10.7 Steel Stud Walls 325 10.8 Timber Joist Floors 327 10.9 Timber Trusses 328 10.10 Construction Details 329 10.11 Lightweight Sandwich Panels 335 11 Advanced Calculation Methods 340 11.1 Types of Advanced Calculation Methods 340 11.2 Fire Models 341 11.3 Thermal Response Models 344 11.4 Advanced Structural Models 348 11.5 Advanced Hand Calculation Methods 349 11.6 Finite Element Methods for Advanced Structural Calculations 355 11.7 Software Packages for Structural and Thermal Fire Analysis 369 12 Design Recommendations 371 12.1 Summary of Main Points 371 12.2 Summary for Main Materials 372 12.3 Thermal Analysis 375 12.4 Conclusions 376 Appendix A: Units and Conversion Factors 377 Appendix B: Section Factors for Steel Beams 381 References 394 Index 411
Mechanical Properties of Steel at Elevated Temperature
Design of Steel Members Exposed to Fire
Design of Steel Buildings Exposed to Fire
Concrete Structures
Overview
Behaviour of Concrete Structures in Fire
Fire-resistance Ratings
Concrete and Reinforcing Temperatures
Mechanical Properties of Concrete at Elevated Temperatures
Design of Concrete Members Exposed to Fire
Composite Steel-Concrete Construction Exposed to Fire
Timber Structures
Overview
Description of Timber Construction
Fire-resistance Ratings
Wood Temperatures
Mechanical Properties of Wood
Design Concepts for Heavy Timber Exposed to Fire
Design of Heavy Timber Members Exposed to Fire
Behaviour of Timber Connections in Fire
Light Frame Construction
Overview
Description
Fire Behaviours
Fire-resistance Ratings
Properties of Gypsum Plaster Board
Temperatures Within Light Frame Assemblies
Structural Behaviour
Design of Light Frame Structures in Fire
Construction Details
Lightweight Sandwich Panels
Design Recommendations
Overview
Summary of Main Points
Summary for Main Materials
Thermal Analysis
Conclusions
Appendix A Units and conversion factors
Appendix B Fire load energy densities
Appendix C Section property tables for steel beams
Appendix D Generic fire-resistance ratings for reinforcedconcrete
References
Index
Preface xv List of Notations xvi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Objective and Target Audience 1 1.2 Fire Safety 2 1.3 Performance?]based Design 2 1.4 Structural Fire Engineering 5 1.5 Purpose of this Book 5 1.6 Units 6 1.7 Organization of Chapters 6 2 Fire Safety in Buildings 8 2.1 Fire Safety Objectives 8 2.2 Process of Fire Development 9 2.3 Conceptual Framework for Fire Safety 13 2.4 Fire Resistance 17 2.5 Controlling Fire Spread 22 2.6 Building Construction for Fire Safety 29 2.7 Assessment and Repair of Fire Damage 31 3 Fires and Heat 35 3.1 Fires in General 35 3.2 Combustion 37 3.3 Fire Initiation 39 3.4 Pre?]flashover Fires 40 3.5 Flashover 48 3.6 Post?]flashover Fires 49 3.7 Design Fires 60 3.8 Other Factors 66 3.9 Heat Transfer 69 3.10 Worked Examples 75 4 Fire Severity and Fire Resistance 84 4.1 Providing Fire Resistance 84 4.2 Fire Severity 89 4.3 Equivalent Fire Severity 90 4.4 Fire Resistance 95 4.5 Fire Resistance Tests 96 4.6 Specifying Fire Resistance 103 4.7 Fire Resistance of Assemblies 107 4.8 Worked Examples 113 5 Design of Structures Exposed to Fire 115 5.1 Structural Design at Normal Temperatures 115 5.2 Loads 116 5.3 Structural Design in Fire Conditions 122 5.4 Material Properties in Fire 126 5.5 Design of Individual Members Exposed to Fire 130 5.6 Design of Structural Assemblies Exposed to Fire 135 5.7 Worked Examples 149 6 Steel Structures 154 6.1 Behaviour of Steel Structures in Fire 154 6.2 Steel Temperature Prediction 157 6.3 Protection Systems 166 6.4 Mechanical Properties of Steel at Elevated Temperature 171 6.5 Design of Steel Members Exposed to Fire 179 6.6 Bolted and Welded Connections 187 6.7 Cast?]iron Members 188 6.8 Design of Steel Buildings Exposed to Fire 188 6.9 Worked Examples 188 7 Concrete Structures 195 7.1 Behaviour of Concrete Structures in Fire 195 7.2 Concrete Materials in Fire 196 7.3 Spalling of Cover Concrete 201 7.4 Concrete and Steel Reinforcing Temperatures 202 7.5 Mechanical Properties of Concrete at Elevated Temperatures 207 7.6 Design of Concrete Members Exposed to Fire 213 7.7 Worked Examples 224 8 Composite Structures 234 8.1 Fire Resistance of Composite Elements 234 8.2 Assessing Fire Resistance 237 8.3 Behaviour and Design of Individual Composite Members in Fire 238 8.4 Design of Steel and Composite Buildings Exposed to Fire 248 8.5 Worked Example 255 9 Timber Structures 257 9.1 Description of Timber Construction 257 9.2 Wood Temperatures 261 9.3 Mechanical Properties of Wood 264 9.4 Charring Rate 273 9.5 Design for Fire Resistance of Heavy Timber Members 280 9.6 Timber Connections in Fire 290 9.7 Worked Examples 297 10 Light Frame Construction 301 10.1 Summary of Light Frame Construction 301 10.2 Gypsum Plaster Board 304 10.3 Fire Behaviour 309 10.4 Fire Resistance Ratings 311 10.5 Design for Separating Function 314 10.6 Design for Load?]bearing Capacity 318 10.7 Steel Stud Walls 325 10.8 Timber Joist Floors 327 10.9 Timber Trusses 328 10.10 Construction Details 329 10.11 Lightweight Sandwich Panels 335 11 Advanced Calculation Methods 340 11.1 Types of Advanced Calculation Methods 340 11.2 Fire Models 341 11.3 Thermal Response Models 344 11.4 Advanced Structural Models 348 11.5 Advanced Hand Calculation Methods 349 11.6 Finite Element Methods for Advanced Structural Calculations 355 11.7 Software Packages for Structural and Thermal Fire Analysis 369 12 Design Recommendations 371 12.1 Summary of Main Points 371 12.2 Summary for Main Materials 372 12.3 Thermal Analysis 375 12.4 Conclusions 376 Appendix A: Units and Conversion Factors 377 Appendix B: Section Factors for Steel Beams 381 References 394 Index 411
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