The monography is devoted to the study of structure and properties of nanocomposites polymer/organoclay. This research is executed within the frameworks of modern physical concepts (cluster model of a polymer amorphous state structure, the fractal analysis and the percolation theory). The made analysis allows to obtain necessary relationships structure-properties, which takes into account such specific for these nanomaterials factors as interfacial interactions, silicate platelets aggregation and molecular characteristics of polymer matrix. The monography is recommended for the scientists who are engaged in research of structure and properties of nanomaterials and also for teachers, post-graduate students and students of older years of high schools of high schools of a physical and chemical profile.