Based on record section sesmogram of earthquakes, registered global network draw travel-times of refracted and reflected short longitudinal seismic waves propagating in the mantle and core of the Earth. For these travel-times obtained the velocity distribution in the mantle and core are in good agreement with the observed data. Velocity curve for the Earth's core is well explained by the nature of the so-called "precursors" - vibrations that go in the first entry on the surface of the Earth at epicentral distances of 134o - 142o. We obtain the distribution of the density and elastic parameters for the Earth and the Earth's core viscosity. According to data obtained in the 70's under the "Apollo", performed an override of the velocity distribution in the mantle of the Moon. Determined distribution of the density and elastic parameters in the interior of the moon. Gives estimates of the core radius of the moon for different chemical composition. The book is intended for students and researchers of geophysical fields.