Discordant couples studies are important in that we study infection and resistance simultaneously. It is also important in that today's transmissions of HIV are between married discordant couples. This study is exhaustive and complete in that many parameters were studied under one little. Sexual Behavioral studies were included under this study, as the major mode of HIV transmission is sexual and sex is not only biological, but also psychological and social. In a similar way, immunological, viral and genetic parts were investigated so that we can see how these three parts were interrelated. Thus, the study was very interesting and the first in its type. It is therefore my hope that young scientists who are doing their PhD research may follow my footstep and involve in this type of exhaustive study. Although the price paid is very high, it pays off at the end of the day. Finally, all the works done in this monograph are published in international journals. Therefore, it is wise togo to the respective journals to see the details, if there is any thing which is not clear. Yohannis M Hambissa, 2017