The present work aims to show the importance of iron ore in the world as well as a great source of income. Iron ore is found in nature in the form of rocks, mixed with other elements. By means of several industrial processes with state-of-the-art technology, the ore is beneficiated to later be sold to steel industries. It is worth highlighting that the Bahia Mining Pedra de Ferro Mining Complex is located in the southwest region of the State of Bahia. The main purpose of this complex is to mine and process up to 32.6 Mtpa (Run of Mine), which will generate up to 20 Mtpa of iron ore products. The mining law finds its maximum expression in the Federal Constitution, which delimits what belongs to whom, normalizes and regulates with its inherent specificities and obligations accompanied by the exploitations. As we have seen, the ownership of mining resources belongs to the Federal Government.