A composite material based on polystyrene with the addition of microparticles of soot has been developed. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra were studied. The article analyzes the studies of X-ray fluorescence analysis, spectra of electron-paramagnetic resonance, dielectric characteristics and the dependence of conductivity in an alternating field of the created nanocomposite based on polystyrene filled with soot nanoparticles. By comparing the obtained experimental results with theoretical calculations, based on the experimentally observed hyperfine splitting, an attempt is made to explain the observation of the Vavilov-Cherenkov effect and the possibilities of using the composition.