Hand hygiene (HH) refers to any action aimed at reducing or inhibiting the presence and growth of microbial flora on the hands, generally by hand rubbing with a hydro-alcoholic product or hand washing with soap and water.The purpose of this study was to describe the determinants of hand hygiene practice in the Mamou Health District. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, with variables measured using four questionnaires to assess the current status of infrastructure, knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and compliance of handwashing practices in resource-limited health care facilities, over a period of eight (8) months, from May to December 2017.