Today, technical progress and modernity disturb human tranquility, which is one of the main preoccupations of contemporary writers including Le Clézio and Tournier, who find human life in peril, which is why they resort to primitive nature. According to the German thinker, Heidegger, the essential cause of the anguish of modern man is due to the feeling of the gap in the being. Heidegger finds the only solution in the return to the being. Jaspers, like Heidegger, represents his method in a positive way. The essential problem posed by the writers mentioned, seems to be that of the identity of the modern man. The protagonists of the works of these writers brutally accuse the modern world, an era in which mankind has become aware of its effort to build only an earthly hell. In this book, we plan to analyze the internal universe of these two works based on Bachelardian ideas. The study of how to express the hostility of these writers with the modern life of today is the essential goal of this research.