This book is the result of research conducted by the authors and presents relevant information on the cultivation of Agaricus spp. mushrooms, starting with the history and importance of their cultivation, describing the biology and systematics of cultivated mushrooms and presenting different types of substrates used for mushrooms cultivation. Are described the chemical composition and preparation of these culture substrates, while presenting their biochemical and molecular aspects. The book also describes a facility used for the preparation of small quantities of substrate, for experimental purposes, presenting the technical data recorded during the experiment, evaluates the economic efficiency of technological measures applied to mushroom cultivation.