India has been known as the original home of sugarcane and sugar. India is the largest consumer and second largest producer of sugar in the world. The sufficient and well distributed monsoon rains; rapid population growth and substantial increase in the sugar production capacity have combined to make India the largest consumer and second largest producer of sugar in the world. Sugarcane belongs to bamboo family of plants and is indigenous to India. The Indian sugar trade covered to be a colossal enterprise of huge dimensions. It plays a significant role in rural development. The sugar mills located in various part of the country work as nuclei for development of rural areas. India has a large variation in climate from region to region, due to its vast size and it affects the production of sugarcane. Sugar mills have a vital role in development of Sugarcane industries in India. The book explores the new ways for sugar mills to stay competitive in the industry. This book also suggested different practices and techniques that can be act as guidelines for producing larger quantities along with good quality of produce.