Grain legumes, commonly known as pulse crops in India, are rich in proteins and play an important role in human nutrition and in animal feed. Among pulses, black gram (Vigna mungo L.Hepper) is one of the most important crops grown throughout India that contributes 12% of the total pulse production of the country and used in various ways in our dietary system.There has,in recent years,been an upsurge of interest about sulphur in pulse nutrition because of the widespread occurrence of its deficiency in the soil world over.The decreased atmospheric sulphur deposition ended with the negative S balance in agricultural soils that inturn affect the plant growth, yield and sulphur availability. Use of sulphur oxidizers enhances the sulphur oxidation and speeds up the production of sulphate and makes them available for plants at their critical stages.This book deals with the importance of microbial sulphur oxidizers(SOB)and their compatibility with other major soil micro flora.The emphasis is placed on both developing different bio formulations of SOB and their effect on pulse production.Students and all those working in similar areas find this book to be of immense use.