This book contains various post-translational mechanism and gene regulation process controlled by SUMO protein under biotic and abiotic stresses in the plant. Sumoylation regulates environmental stress responses in plants, flowering, hormonal signaling, cell division, and cell expansion. High throughput analyses are beginning to uncover additional SUMO substrates, but their detailed analysis is yet to be carried out. The interplay needs to be examined more closely between sumoylation and other protein modifications and the physiological consequences resulting from this crosstalk, the effect of sumoylation on the activity and assembly of transcriptional complexes, and the effect of sumoylation in controlling the subcellular location of substrates are areas for future research in plants. This book is very useful for the PG, Ph.D. research scholars and Scientists of biological sciences.