John Dixon

Suspension Geometry and Computation

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

Revealing suspension geometry design methods in unique detail, John Dixon shows how suspension properties such as bump steer, roll steer, bump camber, compliance steer and roll centres are analysed and controlled by the professional engineer. He emphasizes the physical understanding of suspension parameters in three dimensions and methods of their calculation, using examples, programs and discussion of computational problems. The analytical and design approach taken is a combination of qualitative explanation, for physical understanding, with algebraic analysis of linear and non-linear coefficients, and detailed discussion of computer simulations and related programming methods.

Includes a detailed and comprehensive history of suspension and steering system design, fully illustrated with a wealth of diagrams

Explains suspension characteristics and suspension geometry coefficients, providing a unique and in-depth understanding of suspension design not found elsewhere.

Describes how to obtain desired coefficients and the limitations of particular suspension types, with essential information for suspension designers, chassis technicians and anyone else with an interest in suspension characteristics and vehicle dynamics.

Discusses the use of computers in suspension geometry analysis, with programming techniques and examples of suspension solution, including advanced discussion of three-dimensional computational geometry applied to suspension design.

Explains in detail the direct and iterative solutions of suspension geometry.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: Wiley & Sons
• 1. Auflage
• Seitenzahl: 440
• Erscheinungstermin: 1. Dezember 2009
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 250mm x 175mm x 28mm
• Gewicht: 884g
• ISBN-13: 9780470510216
• ISBN-10: 0470510218
• Artikelnr.: 27137387

Autorenporträt

Kristy Dixon graduated with a degree in English from the University of Utah. She started writing stories when she was seven and has been writing ever since. In the beginning she tried writing historical fiction, but soon found that to be boring. She started writing The Silver Eclipse at the urging of her children and found fantasy writing to be more fun. She has nine children and six chickens. If she isn't writing or playing board games with her kids, she is probably eating cookies or wishing that she were eating cookies.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface. 1 Introduction and History. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Early Steering
History. 1.3 Leaf-Spring Axles. 1.4 Transverse Leaf Springs. 1.5 Early
Independent Fronts. 1.6 Independent Front Suspension. 1.7 Driven Rigid
Axles. 1.8 De Dion Rigid Axles. 1.9 Undriven Rigid Axles. 1.10 Independent
Rear Driven. 1.11 Independent Rear Undriven. 1.12 Trailing-Twist Axles.
1.13 Some Unusual Suspensions. References. 2 Road Geometry. 2.1
Introduction. 2.2 The Road. 2.3 Road Curvatures. 2.4 Pitch Gradient and
Curvature. 2.5 Road Bank Angle. 2.6 Combined Gradient and Banking. 2.7 Path
Analysis. 2.8 Particle-Vehicle Analysis. 2.9 Two-Axle-Vehicle Analysis.
2.10 Road Cross-Sectional Shape. 2.11 Road Torsion. 2.12 Logger Data
Analysis. References. 3 Road Profiles. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Isolated
Ramps. 3.3 Isolated Bumps. 3.4 Sinusoidal Single Paths. 3.5 Sinusoidal
Roads. 3.6 Fixed Waveform. 3.7 Fourier Analysis. 3.8 Road Wavelengths. 3.9
Stochastic Roads. References. 4 Ride Geometry. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Wheel
and Tyre Geometry. 4.3 Suspension Bump. 4.4 Ride Positions. 4.5 Pitch. 4.5
Roll. 4.7 Ride Height. 4.8 Time-Domain Ride Analysis. 4.9 Frequency-Domain
Ride Analysis. 4.10 Workspace. 5 Vehicle Steering. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2
Turning Geometry - Single Track. 5.3 Ackermann Factor. 5.4 Turning Geometry
- Large Vehicles. 5.5 Steering Ratio. 5.6 Steering Systems. 5.7 Wheel Spin
Axis. 5.8 Wheel Bottom Point. 5.9 Wheel Steering Axis. 5.10 Caster Angle.
5.11 Camber Angle. 5.12 Kingpin Angle Analysis. 5.13 Kingpin Axis Steered.
5.14 Steer Jacking. References. 6 Bump and Roll Steer. 6.1 Introduction.
6.2 Wheel Bump Steer. 6.3 Axle Steer Angles. 6.4 Roll Steer and Understeer.
6.5 Axle Linear Bump and Roll Steer. 6.6 Axle Non-Linear Bump and Roll
Steer. 6.7 Axle Double-Bump Steer. 6.8 Vehicle Roll Steer. 6.9 Vehicle
Heave Steer. 6.10 Vehicle Pitch Steer. 6.11 Static Toe-In and Toe-Out. 6.12
Rigid Axles with Link Location. 6.13 Rigid Axles with Leaf Springs. 6.14
Rigid Axles with Steering. References. 7 Camber and Scrub. 7.1
Introduction. 7.2 Wheel Inclination and Camber. 7.3 Axle Inclination and
Camber. 7.4 Linear Bump and Roll. 7.5 Non-Linear Bump and Roll. 7.6 The
Swing Arm. 7.7 Bump Camber Coefficients. 7.8 Roll Camber Coefficients. 7.9
Bump Scrub. 7.10 Double-Bump Scrub. 7.11 Roll Scrub. 7.12 Rigid Axles.
References. 8 Roll Centres. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 The Swing Arm. 8.3 The
Kinematic Roll Centre. 8.4 The Force Roll Centre. 8.5 The Geometric Roll
Centre. 8.6 Symmetrical Double Bump. 8.7 Linear Single Bump. 8.8
Asymmetrical Double Bump. 8.9 Roll of a Symmetrical Vehicle. 8.10 Linear
Symmetrical Vehicle Summary. 8.11 Roll of an Asymmetrical Vehicle. 8.12
Road Coordinates. 8.13 GRC and Latac. 8.14 Experimental Roll Centres.
References. 9 Compliance Steer. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Wheel Forces and
Moments. 9.3 Compliance Angles. 9.4 Independent Suspension Compliance. 9.5
Discussion of Matrix. 9.6 Independent-Suspension Summary. 9.7 Hub Centre
Forces. 9.8 Steering. 9.9 Rigid Axles. 9.10 Experimental Measurements.
References. 10 Pitch Geometry. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Acceleration and
Braking. 10.3 Anti-Dive. 10.4 Anti-Rise 10.5 Anti-Lift. 10.6 Anti-Squat.
10.7 Design Implications. 11 Single-Arm Suspensions. 11.1 Introduction.
11.2 Pivot Axis Geometry. 11.3 Wheel Axis Geometry. 11.4 The Trailing Arm.
11.5 The Sloped-Axis Trailing Arm. 11.6 The Semi-Trailing Arm. 11.7 The
Low-Pivot Semi-Trailing Arm. 11.8 The Transverse Arm. 11.9 The Sloped-Axis
Transverse Arm. 11.10 The Semi-Transverse Arm. 11.11 The Low-Pivot
Semi-Transverse Arm. 11.12 General Case Numerical Solution. 11.13
Comparison of Solutions. 11.14 The Steered Single Arm. 11.15 Bump Scrub.
References. 12 Double-Arm Suspensions. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2
Configurations. 12.3 Arm Lengths and Angles. 12.4 Equal Arm Length. 12.5
Equally-Angled Arms. 12.6 Converging Arms. 12.7 Arm Length Difference. 12.8
General Solution. 12.9 Design Process. 12.10 Numerical Solution in Two
Dimensions. 12.11 Pitch. 12.12 Numerical Solution in Three Dimensions.
12.13 Steering. 12.14 Strut Analysis in Two Dimensions. 12.15 Strut
Numerical Solution in Two Dimensions. 12.16 Strut Design Process. 12.17
Strut Numerical Solution in Three Dimensions. 12.18 Double Trailing Arms.
12.19 Five-Link Suspension. 13 Rigid Axles. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Example
Configuration. 13.3 Axle Variables. 13.4 Pivot-Point Analysis. 13.5 Link
Analysis. 13.6 Equivalent Links. 13.7 Numerical Solution. 13.8 The
Sensitivity Matrix. 13.9 Results: Axle 1. 13.10 Results: Axle 2. 13.11
Coefficients. 14 Installation Ratios. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Motion Ratio.
14.3 Displacement Method. 14.4 Velocity Diagrams. 14.5 Computer Evaluation.
14.6 Mechanical Displacement. 14.7 The Rocker. 14.8 The Rigid Arm. 14.9
Double Wishbones. 14.10 Struts. 14.11 Pushrods and Pullrods. 14.12 Solid
Axles. 14.13 The Effect of Motion Ratio on Inertia. 14.14 The Effect of
Motion Ratio on Springs. 14.15 The Effect of Motion Ratio on Dampers. 14.16
Velocity Diagrams in Three Dimensions. 14.17 Acceleration Diagrams.
References. 15 Computational Geometry in Three Dimensions. 15.1
Introduction. 15.2 Coordinate Systems. 15.3 Transformation of Coordinates.
15.4 Direction Numbers and Cosines. 15.5 Vector Dot Product. 15.6 Vector
Cross Product. 15.7 The Sine Rule. 15.8 The Cosine Rule. 15.9 Points. 15.10
Lines. 15.11 Planes. 15.12 Spheres. 15.13 Circles. 15.14 Routine
PointFPL2P. 15.15 Routine PointFPLPDC. 15.16 Routine PointITinit. 15.17
Routine PointIT. 15.18 Routine PointFPT. 15.19 Routine Plane3P. 15.20
Routine PointFP. 15.21 Routine PointFPPl3P. 15.22 Routine PointATinit.
15.23 Routine PointAT. 15.24 Routine Points3S. 15.25 Routine Points2SHP.
15.26 Routine Point3Pl. 15.27 Routine 'PointLP'. 15.28 Routine Point3SV.
15.29 Routine PointITV. 15.30 Routine PointATV. 15.31 Rotations. 16
Programming Considerations. 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 The RASER Value. 16.3
Failure Modes Analysis. 16.4 Reliability. 16.5 Bad Conditioning. 16.6 Data
Sensitivity. 16.7 Accuracy. 16.8 Speed. 16.9 Ease of Use. 16.10 The
Assembly Problem. 16.11 Checksums. 17 Iteration. 17.1 Introduction. 17.2
Three Phases of Iteration. 17.3 Convergence. 17.4 Binary Search. 17.5
Linear Iterations. 17.6 Iterative Exits. 17.7 Fixed-Point Iteration. 17.8
Accelerated Convergence. 17.9 Higher Orders without Derivatives. 17.10
Newton's Iterations. 17.11 Other Derivative Methods. 17.12 Polynomial
Roots. 17.13 Testing. References. Appendix A: Nomenclature. Appendix B:
Units. Appendix C: Greek Alphabet. Appendix D: Quaternions for Engineers.
Appendix E: Frenet, Serret and Darboux. Appendix F: The Fourier Transform.
References and Bibliography. Index.