Sustainability Assessment of Renewables-Based Products

Methods and Case Studies
Herausgeber: Dewulf, Jo; Alvarenga, Rodrigo A F; De Meester, Steven

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

Over the past decade, renewables-based technology and sustainability assessment methods have grown tremendously. Renewable energy and products have a significant role in the market today, and the same time sustainability assessment methods have advanced, with a growing standardization of environmental sustainability metrics and consideration of social issues as part of the assessment. Sustainability Assessment of Renewables-Based Products: Methods and Case Studies is an extensive update and sequel to the 2006 title Renewables-Based Technology: Sustainability Assessment. It discusses the impressive evolution and role renewables have taken in our modern society, highlighting the importance of sustainability principles in the design phase of renewable-based technologies, and presenting a wide range of sustainability assessment methods suitable for renewables-based technologies, together with case studies to demonstrate their applications. This book is a valuable resource for academics, businesses and policy makers who are active in contributing to more sustainable production and consumption. For more information on the Wiley Series in Renewable Resources, visit www.wiley.com/go/rrs Topics covered include: * The growing role of renewables in our society * Sustainability in the design phase of products and processes * Principles of sustainability assessment * Land use analysis * Water use analysis * Material and energy flow analysis * Exergy and cumulative exergy analysisCarbon and environmental footprint methods * Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), social Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Costing (LCC) * Case studies: renewable energy, bio-based chemicals and bio-based materials.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons / Wiley
• Seitenzahl: 400
• Erscheinungstermin: 19. Januar 2016
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 244mm x 168mm x 25mm
• Gewicht: 726g
• ISBN-13: 9781118933947
• ISBN-10: 111893394X
• Artikelnr.: 42999332

Autorenporträt

Prof. Dr. Jo Dewulf, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, JRC, European Commision, Italy and Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Belgium Professor Dewulf performs research in the areas of environmental chemistry, environmental technology and clean technology at Ghent University. Since December 2013, he has been working as a senior researcher in the Institute for Environment and Sustainability at the Joint Research Institute of the European Commission. Key in his work is managing natural resources in a technically efficient way, performing thermodynamics based sustainability analysis at process, plant and cradle-to-gate level to support the development and assessment of new technologies. Supported by: Dr Steven De Meester, Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Belgium Dr De Meester works on the development of sustainability assessment methodologies for new technologies and applications of Life Cycle Assessment in industry. Dr Rodrigo Alvarenga, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil

Inhaltsangabe

List of Contributors xvii Series Editor's Preface xxiii Preface xxvii 1 The
Growing Role of Biomass for Future Resource Supply--Prospects and Pitfalls
1 Helmut Haberl 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Global Ecological and Socioeconomic
Biomass Flows 3 1.3 Global Biomass Potentials in 2050 5 1.4 Critical
Socio?-Ecological Feedbacks and Sustainability Issues 9 1.5 Conclusions 12
Acknowledgements 12 References 13 2 The Growing Role of Photovoltaic Solar,
Wind and Geothermal Energy as Renewables for Electricity Generation 19
W.G.J.H.M. van Sark, J.G. Schepers, and J.D.A.M. van Wees 2.1 General
Introduction 19 2.2 Photovoltaic Solar Energy 21 2.3 Wind Energy 24 2.4
Geothermal Energy 28 2.5 Conclusion 33 References 34 3 Assessment of
Sustainability within Holistic Process Design 37 Alexei Lapkin,
Philipp?]Maximilian Jacob, Polina Yaseneva, Charles Gordon, and Amy Peace
3.1 Introduction: Holistic Process Design from Unit Operations to Systems
Science Methods 37 3.2 Use of Life Cycle Assessment in Holistic Process
Design 40 3.3 A Decision?-Tree Methodology for Complex Process Design 41
3.4 Generation of New Synthesis Routes in Bio?-Based Supply Chains 45 3.5
Conclusions 47 Acknowledgements 48 References 48 4 A Mass Balance Approach
to Link Sustainable Renewable Resources in Chemical Synthesis with Market
Demand 51 Claudius Kormann and Andreas Kicherer 4.1 Introduction 51 4.2
Renewable Feedstock: Market Drivers, Political Frame 52 4.3 Traceability of
Biomass as Feedstock in the Chemical Industry 53 4.4 Standard of Mass
Balance in Chemical Synthesis 57 4.5 Sustainability Aspects of Renewable
Resources 60 4.6 Discussion 61 4.7 Vision and Summary 62 References 63 5
Early R&D Stage Sustainability Assessment: The 5? Pillar Method 65 Akshay
D. Patel, John A. Posada, Li Shen, and Martin K. Patel 5.1 Introduction 65
5.2 Methodology 67 5.3 Case Study 73 5.4 Validation Case Study 75 5.5
Critical Review and Outlook 76 5.6 Conclusion 79 References 79 6 Assessing
the Sustainability of Land Use: A Systems Approach 81 Miguel Brandão 6.1
Introduction 81 6.2 Methodological Issue 1: Consequential Analysis of Land
Use Decisions 82 6.3 Methodological Issue 2: Land Use Impacts on Ecosystems
87 6.4 Methodological Issue 3: Land Use Impacts on Climate 89 6.5
Methodological Issue 4: Economic and Social Impact Assessment 90 6.6
Methodological Issue 5: Integrating Environmental and Economic Assessments
92 6.7 Discussion 93 6.8 Conclusions 94 References 94 7 Water Use Analysis
97 Francesca Verones, Stephan Pfister, and Markus Berger 7.1 Introduction
97 7.2 Methods and Tools for Assessing the Sustainable Use of Water 98 7.3
Case Study: Water Consumption Analysis of Biofuels and Fossil Fuels 102 7.4
Discussion and Conclusion 105 References 106 8 Material Intensity of Food
Production and Consumption 109 Lucia Mancini and Michael Lettenmeier 8.1
Introduction 109 8.2 Material Flow Based Approaches for Assessing
Sustainable Production and Consumption Systems 110 8.3 MIPS Concept and
Methodology 111 8.4 Material Intensity of Food Systems 113 8.5 Results of
MIPS for Agricultural Products and Foodstuffs 118 8.6 Conclusions 121
References 122 9 Material and Energy Flow Analysis 125 Goto Naohiro, Nova
Ulhasanah, Hirotsugu Kamahara, Udin Hasanudin, Ryuichi Tachibana, and
Koichi Fujie 9.1 Background 125 9.2 Methodology 128 9.3 Case Study 131 9.4
Conclusion 139 Acknowledgements 139 References 139 10 Exergy and Cumulative
Exergy Use Analysis 141 Sofie Huysman, Thomas Schaubroeck, and Jo Dewulf
10.1 What Is Exergy 141 10.2 Calculation of Exergy 142 10.3 Applications of
Exergy 144 10.4 Cumulative Exergy Use Analysis 146 10.5 Conclusions 151
References 152 11 Carbon and Environmental Footprint Methods for
Renewables? based Products and Transition Pathways to 2050 155 Geoffrey P.
Hammond 11.1 Introduction 155 11.2 Carbon and Environmental (or Eco)
Footprinting 159 11.3 The Relationship between Environmental Footprint
Analysis (EFA) and Environmental Life?]Cycle Assessment (LCA) 166 11.4
Carbon and Environmental Footprints Associated with Global Biofuel
Production 167 11.5 Carbon and Environmental Footprints of Low Carbon
Transition Pathways 171 11.6 Concluding Remarks 174 Acknowledgements 175
References 176 12 Tracking Supply and Demand of Biocapacity through
Ecological Footprint Accounting 179 David Lin, Alessandro Galli, Michael
Borucke, Elias Lazarus, Nicole Grunewald, Jon Martindill, David Zimmerman,
Serena Mancini, Katsunori Iha, and Mathis Wackernagel 12.1 Summary and
Rationale 179 12.2 Methodology 182 12.3 Usage Recommendations 193 12.4
Future Developments 195 References 195 13 Life Cycle Assessment and
Sustainability Supporting Decision Making by Business and Policy 201 Sala
Serenella, Fabrice Mathieux, and Rana Pant 13.1 Life Cycle Assessment: A
Systemic Approach to Evaluate Impacts 201 13.2 LCA: Supporting
Sustainability Assessment 205 13.3 Role of LCA in Supporting Decisions in
Business and Policy Context 206 13.4 Tools and Support to Put LCA into
Practice 210 13.5 Conclusion and the Way Forward 211 Acknowledgements 211
References 212 14 Life Cycle Costing 215 Andreas Ciroth, Jutta Hildenbrand,
and Bengt Steen 14.1 Life Cycle Costing - Definition and Principles 215
14.2 Environmental LCC 216 14.3 Societal LCC 220 14.4 LCC and Renewables
221 14.5 Example Case 222 References 228 15 Social Life Cycle Assessment:
Methodologies and Practice 229 Alessandra Zamagni, Pauline Feschet, Anna
Irene De Luca, Nathalie Iofrida, and Patrizia Buttol 15.1 Introduction 229
15.2 Social Life Cycle Assessment: Scientific Background 230 15.3 Social
Life Cycle Assessment in Practice 232 15.4 SLCA and Life Cycle
Sustainability Assessment: Methodological Challenges 234 15.5 Conclusions
and Outlook 236 References 237 16 Life Cycle Assessment of Solar
Technologies 241 F. Ardente, M. Cellura, S. Longo, and M. Mistretta 16.1
Introduction 241 16.2 Solar Technologies 242 16.3 Life Cycle Assessment
(LCA) and Solar Technologies 245 16.3.1 Solar Thermal Plants 246 16.3.2
Photovoltaic Plants 246 16.3.3 Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Plants and
Solar Heating/Cooling Plants 249 16.4 Assessment of Solar Technologies 249
16.5 Conclusions 256 References 256 17 Assessing the Sustainability of
Geothermal Utilization 259 Ruth Shortall, Gudni Axelsson, and Brynhildur
Davidsdottir 17.1 Introduction 259 17.2 Sustainable Geothermal Utilization
260 17.3 Broader Sustainability Assessment of Energy Developments 266 17.4
Sustainability Assessment Framework for Geothermal Power 266 17.5
Conclusion 271 References 271 18 Biofuels from Terrestrial Biomass:
Sustainability Assessment of Sugarcane Biorefineries in Brazil 275 Otavio
Cavalett, Marcos D.B. Watanabe, Alexandre Souza, Mateus F. Chagas, Tassia
L. Junqueira, and Antonio Bonomi 18.1 Introduction 275 18.2 The Virtual
Sugarcane Biorefinery (VSB) 276 18.3 Methods Used in the VSB 277 18.4
Biorefinery Scenarios Case Study 279 18.5 Final Remarks 286
Acknowledgements 286 References 287 19 Algae as Promising Biofeedstock;
Searching for Sustainable Production Processes and Market Applications 289
Sue Ellen Taelman, Steven De Meester, and Jo Dewulf 19.1 Introduction 289
19.2 Algae Background 290 19.3 Algal Cultivation and Processing Methods 292
19.4 Algae: Production and Potential Applications 294 19.5 Environmental
Sustainability of Algae Production 298 19.6 Conclusions 302 References 303
20 Life Cycle Assessment of Biobased and Fossil? Based Succinic Acid 307
Marieke Smidt, Jeroen den Hollander, Henk Bosch, Yang Xiang, Maarten van
der Graaf, Anne Lambin, and Jean?]Pierre Duda 20.1 Production of Succinic
Acid 307 20.2 Life Cycle Assessment: Biobased Succinic Acid and
Fossil?]Based Equivalent 310 20.3 Sensitivity Analysis 316 20.4 Conclusions
319 References 320 21 Biobased Poly Vinylchloride (PVC) 323 Rodrigo A.F.
Alvarenga, Zdenek Hruska, Alain Wathelet, and Jo Dewulf 21.1 Introduction
323 21.2 Life Cycle Assessment of Biobased PVC 324 21.3 Carbon Footprint of
Biobased Product 329 21.4 Environmental Sustainability of Bioethanol Use
330 21.5 Conclusions 331 References 332 22 Evaluation of Wood Cascading 335
Karin Höglmeier, Gabriele Weber?-Blaschke, and Klaus Richter 22.1
Introduction 335 22.2 Environmental Assessment of Wood Cascading by LCA 338
22.3 Discussion and Conclusion 343 Acknowledgements 345 References 345 23
Time?]Dependent Life? Cycle Assessment of Bio?-Based Packaging Materials
347 Maartje N. Sevenster 23.1 Introduction 347 23.2 Methodology 351 23.3
Results 353 23.4 Discussion 357 23.5 Conclusions 358 References 358 24
Conclusions 361 Jo Dewulf 24.1 The Importance of Renewables?]Based Products
and Services 361 24.2 The Need for Sustainability Assessment for
Renewables: Even More Than in the Past 362 24.3 The Growing Sustainability
Assessment Toolbox 363 24.4 Outlook: Pending Challenges 364 Index