The monograph addresses issues of roughness and bifurcations of synergetic systems and chaos of various physical nature. The main provisions of the theory and method of topological roughness of dynamic systems developed by the author of the book are presented. The use of the results obtained by the author is shown on the examples of well-known synergetic systems, such as the Lorenz, Rössler, Belousov-Zhabotinsky systems, the Chua's circuit, the Henon's map, the "predator-prey," models of the economic systems of Kaldor and Schumpeter, the Rikitake dynamo, as well as Hopf bifurcations. The book is intended for a wide range of researchers and scientists who are interested in the synergetics and chaos of systems of various physical nature, as well as students of physical and mathematical, natural science and technical specialties studying the problems of synergetics and dynamic systems.