The study of syntax is fundamental to linguistics and language study, but it is often taught solely within the framework of transformational grammar. This book is unique in several respects: it introduces the basic concepts used in the description of syntax, independently of any single model of grammar. Most grammatical models fail to deal adequately with one aspect of syntax or another, and the authors argue that an understanding of the concepts used in any full description of language is crucial for assessing the strengths and weaknesses of formal grammars. Formal approaches to some of these…mehr
The study of syntax is fundamental to linguistics and language study, but it is often taught solely within the framework of transformational grammar. This book is unique in several respects: it introduces the basic concepts used in the description of syntax, independently of any single model of grammar. Most grammatical models fail to deal adequately with one aspect of syntax or another, and the authors argue that an understanding of the concepts used in any full description of language is crucial for assessing the strengths and weaknesses of formal grammars. Formal approaches to some of these concepts are critically examined. This book will train students, of either linguistics or language, to understand and make the best use of any grammar they encounter. Secondly, the book deals with the whole of syntax from immediate constituents and relations between sentences. It also examines concepts like subject and object, agent and patient, topic, comment and theme. Thirdly, there is a section on morphology, and a discussion of the relationship between syntax and morphology. As a book which explains, in a lucid and approachable way, why linguists have adopted certain solutions to problems and not others, this will be an invaluable introductory text. It is profusely illustrated with diagrams, and there are sets of exercises for every chapter which can be used in class, or by students working independently. This second edition has been extensively revised to take account of recent developments in syntactic studies.
Jim Miller is a Lecturer in the Department of Phonetics and Linguistics at the University of Edinburgh. Keith Brown is a Professor in the Department of Language and Linguistics at the University of Essex.
Inhaltsangabe
Preface to the first edition Preface to the second edition Introduction Part one: Constituent structure 1 Constituent structure 1.1 Determining constituent structure 1.2 Representing and talking about constituent structure 1.3 Hierarchical structure 2 Form classes 2.1 Form classes 2.2 Widening the data base 3 Constituent structure grammar 3.1 A simple grammar 3.2 Generating and parsing sentences 3.3 Generative grammar 4 Formal grammars 5 Verbs and nouns 5.1 Some verb classes in English 5.2 Some noun classes in English 5.3 Selection restrictions 6 Adjectives and prepositions 6.1 Adjectives and adjective phrases 6.2 Prepositions and prepositional phrases 7 Optional constituents 7.1 Optional constituents 7.2 Modifiers and heads 7.3 Adverbs and adverbials 8 Intermediate levels of structure 8.1 Intermediate levels of structure 8.2 The specifiers, modifiers and complements of the major categories 9 Embedding, recursion and ambiguity 9.1 Embedding and recursion 9.2 Attachment and ambiguity 10 Relations between sentences 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Active and passive 10.3 Declarations and interrogatives 10.4 Wh movement and relative clauses 11 The sentence Part two: Morphology 12 Words and morphemes 12.1 Identifying words 12.2 'Inflectional' and 'derivational' morphology 12.3 Models of inflectional morphology 12.4 Some terminology 12.5 Lexical and grammatical morphemes 12.6 The morpheme as an abstract unit 13 Morphemes and morphs 3.1 Morphs 13.2 Morphs and allomorphs 13.3 Realization 14 The morphology of the English verb 14.1 Singular and plural: a problem in analysis 14.2 Subject verb concord 14.3 Tense and aspect in the English verb 15 Lexical morphology 16 Form classes and grammatical categories 16.1 Form classes: nouns, adjectives and verbs 16.2 Grammatical categories Part three: Functional relations 17 Heads and modifiers: the encoding of dependency relations 17 .1 Heads and modifiers 17 .2 Encoding: word order and marking 17 .3 Linkage: agreement and government 18 Processes and participants 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Actions and states 18.3 Agent and patient: range, result and neutral 18.4 Location and motion: locative place, goal, source and path 18.5 Inchvative and causative inchoative verbs 18.6 [State] propositions: description and identification; neutral and attribute 18.7 Conclusion 19 Grammatical functions 19.1 Subject 19.2 Object 19.3 Indirect object 19 .4 Complement 19.5 Adjuncts 19.6 Conclusion 20 Sentences in texts 20.1 Theme, rheme and end focus 20.2 Given and new 20.3 Topics 20.4 Conclusion Further reading References Index.
Preface to the first edition Preface to the second edition Introduction Part one: Constituent structure 1 Constituent structure 1.1 Determining constituent structure 1.2 Representing and talking about constituent structure 1.3 Hierarchical structure 2 Form classes 2.1 Form classes 2.2 Widening the data base 3 Constituent structure grammar 3.1 A simple grammar 3.2 Generating and parsing sentences 3.3 Generative grammar 4 Formal grammars 5 Verbs and nouns 5.1 Some verb classes in English 5.2 Some noun classes in English 5.3 Selection restrictions 6 Adjectives and prepositions 6.1 Adjectives and adjective phrases 6.2 Prepositions and prepositional phrases 7 Optional constituents 7.1 Optional constituents 7.2 Modifiers and heads 7.3 Adverbs and adverbials 8 Intermediate levels of structure 8.1 Intermediate levels of structure 8.2 The specifiers, modifiers and complements of the major categories 9 Embedding, recursion and ambiguity 9.1 Embedding and recursion 9.2 Attachment and ambiguity 10 Relations between sentences 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Active and passive 10.3 Declarations and interrogatives 10.4 Wh movement and relative clauses 11 The sentence Part two: Morphology 12 Words and morphemes 12.1 Identifying words 12.2 'Inflectional' and 'derivational' morphology 12.3 Models of inflectional morphology 12.4 Some terminology 12.5 Lexical and grammatical morphemes 12.6 The morpheme as an abstract unit 13 Morphemes and morphs 3.1 Morphs 13.2 Morphs and allomorphs 13.3 Realization 14 The morphology of the English verb 14.1 Singular and plural: a problem in analysis 14.2 Subject verb concord 14.3 Tense and aspect in the English verb 15 Lexical morphology 16 Form classes and grammatical categories 16.1 Form classes: nouns, adjectives and verbs 16.2 Grammatical categories Part three: Functional relations 17 Heads and modifiers: the encoding of dependency relations 17 .1 Heads and modifiers 17 .2 Encoding: word order and marking 17 .3 Linkage: agreement and government 18 Processes and participants 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Actions and states 18.3 Agent and patient: range, result and neutral 18.4 Location and motion: locative place, goal, source and path 18.5 Inchvative and causative inchoative verbs 18.6 [State] propositions: description and identification; neutral and attribute 18.7 Conclusion 19 Grammatical functions 19.1 Subject 19.2 Object 19.3 Indirect object 19 .4 Complement 19.5 Adjuncts 19.6 Conclusion 20 Sentences in texts 20.1 Theme, rheme and end focus 20.2 Given and new 20.3 Topics 20.4 Conclusion Further reading References Index.
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