Organophosphorus chemistry is the corresponding science exploring the properties and reactivity of organophosphorus compounds. They find important application in agriculture, organic synthesis and in medicine as drugs. The use of Organophosphorus compounds as achiral or chiral ligands for transition metal catalyzed transformations is also rapidly growing in both laboratory synthesis and industrial production. In addition to the above field, Indole is an aromatic nitrogen heterocyclic organic compound with a bicyclic structure, consisting of fused benzene and pyrrole rings. They represent a very important class of molecules that play a major role in cell biology and are potential naturally occurring products. There has been an increasing interest in the use of indole derivatives as bioactive molecules against microbes, cancer cells, and various kinds of disorder in the human body. Inspite of various applications only few literature data has been present in these fields. Hence withthis insight, this book represents the inestimable information on the synthesis and biological importance of organophosphonates and indolyl derivatives.